Electronic Mail Acceptable Use Policy - 1054 Words

On December 16, 2003, Congress enacted the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (CAN-SPAM) of 2003, Pub. L. No. 108-187, 117 Stat. 2669 (2003) requiring the Federal Trade Commission to issue regulations defining the relevant criteria to facilitate the determination of the primary purpose of an electronic mail message, specifically commercial electronic mail messages. An electronic mail acceptable use policy is a document stipulating constraints and practices that users must agree to and comply with when accessing and using the organization’s network system and electronic mail servers. The electronic mail acceptable use policy is a component of the Individual Use and Operation of Information†¦show more content†¦L. No. 100-235 (H.R. 145), (Jan. 8, 1988) C. Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), 18 U. S. C.  § 2510 et seq. D. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C.  § 552 et seq. E. Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003(CAN-SPAM), 15 U. S. C.  § 103 et seq. The CAN-SPAM Act is a law that sets the rules for commercial email, establishes requirements for commercial messages, gives recipients the right to have entities stop emailing them, and sets forth the penalties for violations. However, the law does not apply just to bulk e-mail. â€Å"It covers all commercial messages, which the law defines as ‘any electronic mail message the primary purpose of which is the commercial advertisement or promotion of a commercial product or service† (Federal Trade Commission, 2009). If an entity is found guilty of violating the CAN-SPAM Act, each separate email in violation is subject to penalties of up to $16,000 and more than one person may be held responsible for violations. The CAN-SPAM Act has certain aggravated violations that may give rise to additional fines. The law provides for criminal penalties—including imprisonment—for:  · Accessing someone else’s computer to send span without permission.  · Using false information to register for multiple email accounts or domain names.  · Relaying or retransmitting multiple spam messages through a computer to mislead others about

A Solution to E-Waste Essay - 1566 Words

Over the past decade there was a profound development achieved in the sphere of high technologies production. Now the scale of electronics market becomes wider and spins up day by day with a cyclic launch of new electronic appliances with enhanced features. â€Å"According to the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA), consumers were expected to purchase 500 million units of consumer electronics in the US in 2008.† (Electronics Takeback coalition, 2010) Consequently, a clear tendency toward rapid substitution of electronic appliances can be observed. A high rate in electronics upgrading shortens their lifespan and results in following stockpiling of needless gadgets, which become a part of municipal waste. These end-of-life electronic devices†¦show more content†¦Now consumers are not supplied with enough opportunities for proper disposal of e-waste. Recycling management is not sufficiently developed. Consequently, instead of being recycled a growing number of end-of -life electronics with a variety of hazardous components in their structures, such as lead and mercury, is dumped in landfills or incinerated. Umesi and Onyia (2008) suggest that 20 acres of lake can be contaminated just with one-seventieth of a teaspoon of mercury’ so that the fish becomes unsafe to eat. Thus, such practices as disposal of e-waste in dumping ground or incineration substantially expose the whole environment to contamination with toxins, which in its turn leads to expansion of different human health problems. Binns (2006) reports that people’s exposure to mercury toxication through food, through eating fish in particular, may lead to the whole range of diseases such as impaired neurological development, kidney damage, respiratory failure and affection of cognitive abilities. Embryos and small children are at the largest risk to be affected with mercury toxins, especially their nervous system. Therefore, pregnant women are recommended to forgo eating fis h. (ibid, 2006) Hence, it is essential to take drastic measures concerning e-waste issue. However, it can be claimed that currently there is no any relevant approach being successfully developed and applied to the problem. One of the waysShow MoreRelated Solutions to E- waste problem Essay997 Words   |  4 Pagesdevices. Consequently, in our disposable age most apparatus turn into aged ones in a couple of years or even months. This is one of the reasons why electronic devices become waste. E-waste is discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electronic devices or apparatuses. Most environment protection organizations maintain that e-waste induces health and pollution problems. The primary reason for this view is that almost all of the electric devices contain hazardous substances which are toxic and are notRead MoreThe Impact Of E Waste And Potential Solutions3865 Words   |  16 PagesThe Impact of E-waste and Potential Solutions: An overview Jianyang Zhang Project 4 W credit Environmental Science and Resource Management 100 University of Washington jianyz@uw.edu Introduction Electronic waste (or E-waste) describes discarded electrical or electronic equipment (EEE), such as computers, Televisions, and cell phones. For the past decades, the global demands for electronic devices has increased exponentially while the life span for these equipment has been shortened sharply. GivenRead MoreThe Problem Of E Waste1718 Words   |  7 Pageselectronic waste commonly referred to as â€Å"e-waste† is one of the biggest challenges facing people all over the world for the production of the electrical and electronic equipment has been growing rapidly in the past decades. Therefore, the rise in demand for this equipment and the high obsolete rate has made e-waste of the fastest growing source of waste. For this reason, experts have come out to suggest various methods that can be used to contain this menace. In particular, the solutions include theRead MoreHuman Population Growing Every Day Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesresources, and what are we supposed to do with all of the waste we are producing? All of these are good questions to ask, because without these items the human population would not be able to survive. Some of these questions are less mentioned than others, which is why they are going to be brought to attention; these questions include: space, food/water, and e-waste. If people do not start using our recourses wisely or come up with some solutions to the existing problems, the Earth will not be able toRead More e-waste Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesal. 2008, 322). The problem of e-waste threatens the future environment of the modern society. E-waste or electronic waste means electrical and electronic equipment, which is not suitable for use and fills the dumps. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions consist of hazardous materials, which pollute the environment and impact on human’s health. Obtaining of 1.6 billion pounds of lead and four times more pounds of plastic from e-waste had been foretold by the NationalRead MoreEvaluating The Performance Of E Waste Recycling Programs Using Fuzzy Multi Attribute Group Decision Making Model1522 Words   |  7 Pages Review of â€Å"Evaluating the Performance of E-Waste Recycling Programs using Fuzzy Multi-attribute group Decision Making Model† Haokun Li hli120@illinois.edu â€Æ' Contents Introduction 4 Performance Evaluation 5 (1) Define Criterions 5 (2) Score the Criterions 6 (3) Compute Weighting Factors 7 (4) Computing Weighted Matrix 8 (5) Find Positive and Negative Ideal Solutions 8 (6) Compute Overall Performance Index 8 Conclusions 9 References 10 â€Æ' Abstract: A fuzzy multi-attribute groupRead More Solutions to Electronic Waste Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesand make it faster.The majority of mankind has computer at home or at work. In recent years changing of electronic equipment become faster due to obsolescence and fashion(Deathe et al. 2008, 322 ).The problem of e-waste influence on the future environment hangs over the modern society. E-waste ^ also known as electronic waste.It means electrical and electronic equipment which is not suitable for use and fill the damps. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, computers, and televisions consist ofRead MoreE-Structors Disassembles and Safely Recycles Electrical Devices681 Words   |  3 PagesSummary of E Waste The video is about e waste and how it’s handled in the USA. Julie Keough is the co-founder of E-Structors, a company that handles, recycles, sorts, separates and dissembles electronic devices safely in the USA. E-Structors is a certified recycling company to meet EPA standard of handling e waste and just to be sure that they hold that standard, every year an inspector comes and asks a few questions. Around 80% of all e waste gets thrown away in the trash, that’s around 15 millionRead More E-waste Essay example1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmunicipal waste. These end-of-life electronic devices are often called ‘electronic waste, or e-waste’. Now approximately 20-25 million tons of e-waste is estimated to be produced worldwide every year with the largest number of electronics being discarded in Europe, the United States and Australasia. (Brett H. Robinson, 2009) Hence, there is a serious challenge of management of e-waste disposal appearing across the whole world . Figures show that a very small percentage of electronic waste undergoesRead MoreAssignment 2: Chain Management at Durham International Manufacturing Company (Dimco)1373 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove customer service. Supply Chain integration also gives a new set of capabilities which helps to the company to increase revenue and achieve a competitive advantage. In a supply chain management, sometimes the necessity to integrate actions is a solution to the supply chain processes, rather than simply managing individual functions. A successful integration effort requires group effort between buyers and suppliers, as well as teaming up on the development of new products, sharing information, and

Business Finance

Questions: Write report on the following companies: 1. Commonwealth bank of Australia. 2. National bank of Australia. Answers: Introduction The project report is prepared on the two companies listed in Australia stock exchange. The companies will be from the same industry. The Australian companies chosen in the project are banks: Commonwealth bank of Australia National bank of Australia These two banks i.e. the commonwealth bank of Australia and National bank of Australia are listed in the Australia stock exchange (ASX). The stock prices of the two banks will be obtained from the site of ASX. The stock prices will be collected from the 5 weeks i.e. from 2016 April 22nd to 2016 March 21st. The data will be analysed for the purpose of finding the movements in the prices. In addition to this ratio, analysis of the both banks will be done. By the help of ratio analysis it will be easy to examine the financial position and performance of the banks. The annual reports of the banks will be downloaded from the web site of banks. The data will be extracted from the annual reports of banks. Financial statements of banks are referred for collecting the information. Financial statements analysis will be done by taking information from the balance sheet and income statement of the company. Overview of company Overview of the commonwealth Australian bank and National Australia bank are given below: National bank of Australia National Australian bank works as the financial service organization. There are around 12,700,000 customers of the bank along with 42,000 people in the 1700 stores worldwide. The major operations of the company are undertaken in the Australia in addition to Asia, United Kingdom and New Zealand. The brands of the company are positioned uniquely. The Bank is built on a common commitment to offer quality products and services, fair charges and fees, and proper advice and guidance whenever required. The strategy of the company is to build great experience to the customers by being a most respected bank of the New Zealand and Australia (NAB, 2016). Australian banking inclusive of business banking and personal banking offers varied range of products and services to the business customers. The personal banking products of the company can be approached by the help of UBank, NAB broker, NAB and NAB trade. The banking product of the company has specialist expertise in property, education, health and government, and in agribusiness. Australian banks include currencies and commodities, debt markets, fixed income, specialized finance and asset servicing etc. NAB wealth offers t solutions to the retail, institutional and corporate clients along with providing investment and superannuation. The company operates with the largest networks of financial advisors under Plum, JANA, MLC, and JBWere, etc. (NAB, 2016) NZ banking is entailing the corporate, retail and insurance and business franchise in New Zealand under the brand Bank of New Zealand (BNZ). Market operations of BNZ are excluded from the same in which Australian banking is dealing (NAB, 2016). Commonwealth Australian bank The Commonwealth bank is one of the leading banks of Australia providing integrated financial services encompassing business, premium, institutional and retail banking. It also provides insurance, investment, funds management, superannuation, and products and services of share broking. The group of bank is one of the largest companies listed in Australian securities exchange and is also included in global index of Morgan Stanley capital. The strength of the company is around 52, 000 people. Almost 60 percent of the staff of bank consists of women (CAB, 2016). To keep total shareholder return in top quartile of Australian listed peers over the period of five years is one of the key financial objectives of the company. Calculation of total Shareholder Return is done in the company by taking into account the growth in the value of investment in share of the group. It is done on the assumption that the dividends of the company will be reinvested in shares (CAB, 2016). Top three strategic strengths of the company are: Brand Diversified business mix Scale The brand of the company is one of the most recognized brands in the industry of integrated financial services in Australia. The group has domestic presence with the largest customer base of Australian banks (CAB, 2016). The Commonwealth bank provides full range of retail services to the customers including personal loans, credit cards, demand deposits and term deposits, home loans and many more. Full range of commercial products is also provided by the company such as trade finance, equipment, business loan, agribusinessandruraproducts(CAB,2016). Technical Analysis of Performance of Banks in Stock Markets Technical analysis is pertaining to the study of actions of financial markets. The technician is supposed to notice the changes in stock prices that occur on day to day or week to week basis (Credit Suisse, 2009). The data related to the Commonwealth bank of Australia and National Bank of Australia is obtained from the Google finance. The data is collected for the 5 weeks. The change percent in data is calculated. The percent in change of the data is calculated for the purpose of making chart and showing the trend with the help of technical chart. NAB The table showing percentage of change and technical chart is shown below: Table 1: Table showing percentage change in stock prices of NAB Date Change 22-Apr-16 -0.44% 21-Apr-16 -1.33% 20-Apr-16 0.15% 19-Apr-16 -2.45% 18-Apr-16 0.78% 15-Apr-16 -0.11% 14-Apr-16 -2.45% 13-Apr-16 -2.07% 12-Apr-16 -2.53% 11-Apr-16 0.80% 08-Apr-16 1.53% 07-Apr-16 -0.08% 06-Apr-16 0.23% 05-Apr-16 1.01% 04-Apr-16 -0.55% 01-Apr-16 2.13% 31-Mar-16 -2.34% 30-Mar-16 -0.08% 29-Mar-16 2.44% 24-Mar-16 3.53% 23-Mar-16 1.98% 22-Mar-16 1.49% 21-Mar-16 - Figure 1: Technical chart showing percentage change in stock prices of NAB Figure 2: Technical chart showing stock prices of NAB Analysis The table is showing the percentage change in the stock prices. Figure 1 is depicting the change in the stock prices and percentage change in stock prices during the 5 weeks. Share price of the National Australia bank was down by 9.82 percent in the beginning of 2015. It was speculated that the company will be able to restore the confidence among the investors next year i.e. in 2016. The stock prices shown in the figure 1 and 2 given above are presenting that the performance of the company has fluctuated during March 2016 to April 2016. The performance of the company has gone up on 24th march and after that there is a slight decrease in the performance of the company. In the beginning of April there is a decrease in the share prices of the company and it has become negative. The table given above is showing that during this period, there is percentage change of 3.53 percent on March 24 and on 31st March the percentage change is -2.34. There are lots of fluctuations by mid-April in th e performance of the NAB. The performance has gone negative on 13th April, 15th April and on 21st April. The business survey on NAB is showing that despite of the global uncertainties in the Australian business environment the bank has maintained its performance. As per the results, the performance of March and April is showing improvement. Mining boom and regaining confidence in the investors are the causes of same (Credit Suisse, 2009). CBA The tables and figures showing the performance of the company are given below: Table 2: Table showing percentage change in stock prices of CBA Date Change 22-Apr-16 0.58% 21-Apr-16 -1.25% 20-Apr-16 0.20% 19-Apr-16 -0.70% 18-Apr-16 1.09% 15-Apr-16 -0.39% 14-Apr-16 -1.33% 13-Apr-16 -2.09% 12-Apr-16 -2.15% 11-Apr-16 0.08% 08-Apr-16 0.32% 07-Apr-16 0.22% 06-Apr-16 0.14% 05-Apr-16 2.29% 04-Apr-16 0.10% 01-Apr-16 2.58% 31-Mar-16 -2.20% 30-Mar-16 -0.26% 29-Mar-16 2.27% 24-Mar-16 2.45% 23-Mar-16 0.27% 22-Mar-16 0.30% 21-Mar-16 - Figure 3: Technical chart showing percentage change in stock prices of CBA Figure 4: Technical chart showing stock prices of CBA Analysis The performance of the CBA in stock market is showing fluctuations during the given period. From 22nd march the performance is stagnant which has suddenly gone up on March 24 2016. On this date the change percentage is observed to be 2.45 percent from 0.27 percent. During the end of March i.e. on March 30 and March 31st the performance is again showing negative values. On the beginning of April there is again the increase in the stock prices of the company. Stock prices reached to the zero level after few days. On April 12 there is a drastic decrease in the stock performance. Therefore, it is observed that during March and April the performance of CBA has shown ups and down. Reason of decrease in the stock prices is assumed to be the market conditions of markets of Australia. However, it is reported that there is improvement in the performance of the company by seeing the performance of January and February (Damodaran, 2016). Analysis of Risk and Return on Basis of Financial Reports The risk and return of both the banks of Australia will be determined based on the ratio analysis. With the help of ratio analysis it is easy to analyze the position and performance of the company. Ratio analysis Ratio analysis of both the banks is done with the help of annual reports of the banks. Ratio analysis is a financial tools used for analyzing the performance and position of the companies. Annual reports of the national Australia bank and common wealth bank are taken for collecting the financial information. The financial statement taken into consideration while performing ratio analysis is balance sheet statements and income statements (YAL, 2016). The ratios are classified into five parts: Liquidity ratios Activity ratios Profitability ratios Solvency ratios Market value ratios (Accounting for management, 2016) All the ratios will be explained one by one. Liquidity ratios are used to measure the short term solvency of the company. These ratios are important for ensuring the capacity of company to pay current liabilities occurring within one year. Current ratio, acid ratio and absolute liquid ratio are parts of the liquid ratio. Company should maintain liquidity in the company for paying the current liabilities (Accounting for management, 2016). Activity ratios are used to measure the ability of company to covert the assets into sales. The ratios measure the efficiency of the company to utilize its assets. Account receivable ratio, average collection period, inventory turnover, total assets turnover, fixed asset turnover are types of activity of efficiency ratios (Accounting for management, 2016). Profitability ratios are used to measure the profitability of company. These ratios are important from the point of view of creditors of the company. The high profitability of company ensures the company is earning high profits. Operating profit, gross profit, net profit, return on assets, return on equity, return on income, return on capital employed are some of the ratios that come under profitability ratios (Accounting for management, 2016). Solvency ratios are used for repaying the long term debts of the company. The ratio is beneficial from the point of view of the investors as the ability of company to pay the long term dues ensures chances of survival of the business. These ratios are helpful in measuring the capital structure of the company. The ability of company to pay interest on long term borrowings is judged with the help of this ratio (Accounting for management, 2016). Stock market ratios are intended for the investors specifically. These ratios are also known as market value ratios. The stock value ratios attract the investors when these ratios show high value of the company in market. Market value of stock market ratios indicates the value of the company in market in the eyes of investors (Accounting for management, 2016). The ratios computed in the project will be profitability ratios, solvency ratios and activity ratios. Following ratios are calculated in the project: Net profit margin ratio Total asset turnover Return on total assets (ROA) Return on common equity (ROE) Earnings per share (EPS) Pay-out ratio Financial leverage Fixed asset turnover Operating profit Ratio analysis of the National Australia bank and commonwealth bank of Australia Net profit margin ratio Net profit ratio is a popular ratio showing relationship between the net profit and sales of the company. The computation of the net profit is done by dividing net profit after the tax of the company with the net sales of the company (Accounting Tools, 2016). Formula: Net profit ratio = Net profit / Net sales Table 3: Net profit computation of NAB (NAB, 2015) Net Profit margin Year Net Profit margin 2015 22.65 Table 4: Net profit computation of CBA (CBA, 2015) Net Profit margin Year Net Profit margin 2015 33.56 Analysis and interpretation: Net profit of the NAB is 22.65 and CBA is having a net profit of 33.56. It can be observed from the given tables that net profit of CBA is more in comparison to the CBA. Net profit of the company is the indicator of the profitability of the company. It takes into account the profit of the company after deduction of expenses. Hence it is a good indicator of the profit. After observing the tables it can be stated that profitability of the CBA is more than the other banks of Australia. Total asset turnover The asset turnover ratio is an efficiency ratio. It measures the ability of company to produce sales from the assets. The ratio indicates the efficiency of the company in using assets for generating sales. The ratio is calculated by dividing net sales from the average total assets of the company. Computation of average total asset is done by taking assets of the beginning and ending of the company. The amount is divided by 2 (My accounting course, 2016). Formula: Return on assets = Net sales / Average total assets Average total assets = opening total assets + closing total assets /2 Table 5: Total asset turnover computation of NAB (NAB, 2015) Total Assets turnover Year Total Assets turnover 2015 0.03 Table 6: Total asset turnover computation of CBA (CBA, 2015) Total Assets turnover Year Total Assets turnover 2015 0.03 Analysis and interpretation: Total asset turnover of the company NAB and CBA is 0.03. Both the company are having same total asset turnover ratio. Total asset turnover ratio of 1 indicates that net sales of the company are equivalent to the average total assets of the company. The ratio of 0.03 is showing that for every Australian dollar the company is earning 0.03 cents. The total asset turnover ratio of both the companies is very low. It is clear that for every Australian dollar company is earning very less amount. Return on total assets (ROA) Return on asset ratio is also known as the return on total assets. The ratio is profitable in measuring the amount of net income generated by the total assets of the company. The ratio is calculated by dividing the net income from the average total assets. Average total assets are computed by taking ending assets and opening assets of the year and dividing by 2. This ratio helps the management in taking decision related to the investment as the main aim of the business is to earn profits (Drake, 2016). Formula: Return on assets = Net income / Average total assets Average total assets = opening total assets + closing total assets /2 Table 7: Computation of Return on total assets (ROA) of NAB (NAB, 2015) Return on Total Assets Year Return on total assets 2015 0.67 Table 8: Computation of Return on total assets (ROA) of CBA (CBA, 2015) Return on total assets Year Return on total assets 2015 1.09 Analysis and interpretation: Return on total assets is obtained by dividing the net income from the average total assets. The return on total asset of NAB is 0.67 in 2015. In the same year, return on total assets of the CBA is more than the NAB. The Return on total assets of the CBA is 1.09. The Return on total asset ratio shows the amount generated by the company over the amounts invested in assets. The return on total assets of the CBA bank is showing that CBA is able to generate around 1.09 of net income on the every Australian dollar spent on assets. On the other Side, NAB bank is getting very less profit on the every Australian dollar invested in assets. Return on common equity (ROE) Return on equity is a ratio measuring the profitability of company. It measures the ability of company to produce the profits from investment made by the shareholders in the company. In other words the ratio shows profit generated by each dollar of equity of common stakeholder (Drake, 2016). Formula is given below: Formula: Return on equity = Net income / Shareholder's equity Table 9: Computation of Return on common equity (ROE) of NAB (NAB, 2015) Return on Common Equity Year Return on common equity 2015 12.87 Table 10: Computation of Return on common equity (ROE) of CBA (CBA, 2015) Return On Common Equity Year Return on common equity 2015 17.9 Analysis and interpretation: Return on equity of the CBA is 17.9 in the year 2015. In the same year NAB bank has return on equity of 12.87. It can be observed from the table given above that Return on equity of the CBA is more in comparison to the NAB. The difference of around 5 percent is noticed. NAB has earned 12.87 dollar on every Australian dollar of common shareholders equity. On the other side CBA has earned net income of 17.9 dollar on every dollar of common shareholders equity. Earnings per share (EPS) Earnings per share are also known as income per share. The ratio is very important from the point of view of stock performance of the company. The earnings per share states the amount of share received by each share of the company in case profits will be allocated to the outstanding shares at the end of financial year. It shows the profitability of the company (Drake, 2016). It is calculated by the following formula: Formula: Earnings per share = net income preferred dividends / outstanding shares at the end Table 11: computation of Earnings per share (EPS) of NAB (NAB, 2015) Earnings per share Year Earnings per share 2015 2.45 Table 12: computation of Earnings per share (EPS) of CBA (CBA, 2015) Earnings per share Year Earnings per share 2015 5.29 Analysis and interpretation: Earnings per share of NAB are 2.45 and CBA is having earnings per share of 5.29. As it is clear from the figures itself that Earnings per share of the CBA are higher from that of NAB. There is twice the difference in the earnings per share of CAN from the NAB. It is clear that stock performance of CBA is better while comparing with the NAB. If NAB will be distributing the every Australian dollar of income to the shareholders than the portion of each share would be 2.45. Similarly, portion of each share of shareholder of CBA would be 5.29. Pay-out ratio Payout ratio is sometimes called as dividend payout ratio. The dividend payout ratio is used to measure the percentage of net income allocated among the shareholders as the dividends. The ratio shows how much Profit the Company is willing to retain and the portion distributed among the shareholders. The following formula is used to calculate the payout ratio (Drake, 2016). Formula: Dividend payout ratio = total dividends / net income The ratio can also be calculated by dividing the dividends per share by the earnings per share. Table 13: computation of Pay-out ratio of NAB (NAB, 2015) Payout ratio Year Pay Out ratio 2015 117.5 Table 14: computation of Pay-out ratio of CBA (CBA, 2015) Payout ratio Year Pay Out ratio 2015 71.5 Analysis and interpretation: Dividend payout ratio of CBA is 71.5 in the year 2015. On the flip side, NAB is having dividend payout ratio of 117.5. The dividend payout ratio of the NAB is very much higher in comparison to the CBA. The ratio of CBA is showing that CBA is dividing around 71.5 percent of the profits among the shareholders as the part of dividend. NAB is distributing very high percent of dividends to the shareholders. Financial leverage Financial leverage is a ratio used to find out the debt in the capital structure of company. These ratios are also known as equity ratios or debt ratios. The ratios are helpful in measuring the value of equity in the company by analyzing debt portion. In other words, these ratios measure the debt of the company and compare the same with the equity of asset of the company. It includes debt ratio, debt to equity ratio and equity ratio (Drake, 2016). Table 15: Computation of financial leverage of NAB (NAB, 2015) Financial Leverage Year Financial Leverage 2015 18.3 Table 16: Computation of financial leverage of CBA (CBA, 2015) Financial Leverage Year Financial Leverage 2015 16.66 Analysis and interpretation: Financial leverage of the NAB is 18.3 in the year 2015. On the flip side, financial leverage of the CBA is 16.66. It can be observed from the tables given above that financial leverage of the CBA is high in comparison to NAB. There is more debt in CBA in comparison to NAB. High financial leverage is not good from the perspective of company. High financial leverage shows that there is more financial risk in the company. There is more debt burden on the company. Therefore, it can be inferred that NAB is more exposed to the risk in comparison to CBA. Fixed asset turnover Fixed asset ratio is activity or efficiency ratio. The ratio is helpful in measuring the efficiency of company to use its fixed assets for generating revenue. The ratio compute the revenue earned in comparison to investment made in fixed assets (Drake, 2016). The formula of fixed asset turnover is as follows: Formula: Fixed assets turnover = net revenue / average fixed assets Average fixed assets = Opening fixed assets + closing fixed assets / 2 Table 17: Computation of fixed asset turnover of NAB (NAB, 2015) Fixed asset Turnover Year Fixed Asset Turnover 2015 14.74 Table 18: Computation of fixed asset turnover of CBA (CBA, 2015) Fixed asset Turnover Year Fixed Asset Turnover 2015 9.56 Analysis and interpretation: Fixed asset turnover of the NAB is 14.74 and CBA has fixed asset turnover of 9.56. The fixed assets turnover ratio of the CBA is lower in comparison to NAB. It is indicating that NAB is using its fixed assets efficiently in comparison to the CBA. The net revenue earned by the NAB is higher as a result of using fixed assets efficiently. The NAB is generating 14.74 Australian dollars on each and every dollar spent on the fixed assets of the company. On the other side, CBA is producing 9.76 dollars on the every Australian dollar invested in fixed assets of the company. Operating profit The operating profit is known as operating margin ratio of the company. It is a profitability ratio. It measures percentage of total revenue made up by the operating income. In other words, the ratio is helpful in letting the company know about the amount left after meeting all the variable expenses. It is important from the creditors as well as from the investors point of view as it reflects the profitability of company (My Accounting Course, 2016). Formula: Operating margin ratio = operating income / net sales Table 19: Computation of operating profit of NAB (NAB, 2015) Operating Profit margin Year Operating Profit margin 2015 33.4 Table 20: Computation of operating profit of CBA (CBA, 2015) Operating Profit margin Year Operating Profit margin 2015 46.7 Analysis and interpretation: Operating profit of CBA is 46.7 which are quite higher. Operating profit of NAB is 33.4. CBA is having higher operating profits in comparison to the NAB. It is indicating that profits left with the CBA after meeting all the variable expenses are more than the NAB. The operating profit ratio of CBA is showing that it is using around 53 cent on the dollar for paying variable expenses. On contrary to it, NAB is paying more part as the variable expenses hence its profit is reduced. Performance of the CBA is better as per the results of ratio analysis of the banks. Recommendation Based on the analysis of the top leading banks of Australia it is found that CBA is having good performance and position in comparison to NAB. Following recommendations can be given to the investors after analyzing the financial statements of the company: Profitability of the CBA is high in comparison to the NAB. Investors can invest in the CBA. However, ROE of the CBA was found to be less in comparison to the NAB. Net profit and ROA of CBA are higher. Moreover, operating profits of CBA are higher indicating that after meeting expenses more profits remain with the CBA. Efficiency of the NAB is found to be better rather than CBA. So NAB is utilizing the assets more efficiently. Investors should consider the efficiency factor while taking decision of investing in NAB. Financial leverage of NAB is high. It is not considered good to have high financial leverage. NAB will be more risky as it is having more debt and interest burden over it. So, investors should keep in mind the financial leverage of both the banks before investing in banks. Pay- out ratio and earnings per share ratio of the companies are showing the stock performance value of company. Earnings per share ratio of the CBA are twice more than that of NAB. Contrary to it, Payout ratio of NAB is higher. Considering the performance of both banks, company should invest in the CBA as it would be more beneficial to invest in CBA. CBA has higher profits, lower debts, high earnings per share and average efficiency. There is high financial risk in NAB as the debt is high. Conclusion The project report was aimed to examine the performance and position of the two banks of Australia, for the purpose of advising investors to invest in one of the banks. Ratio analysis was chosen to analyze the performance and position of the financial reports of the National Australia Bank and Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The analysis of 2015 was done computing ratios of the banks. In addition to that stock prices of both the banks were analyzed for the duration of 5 weeks taking from March 21st to 22nd April 2016. Technical chart analysis and change in percentage of stock prices of both the banks is shown. The stock prices of both the companies are highly fluctuating during the month of March and April. The performance was going up and down for many days. It was reported that there is improvement in the performance of both the banks during March and April in comparison to the performance of 2015 and initial months of the year 2016. Performance of CBA was found to be better in comparison to the NAB. Profitability of the CBA is higher than that of the NAB. Higher profitability is representing higher profits of the CBA. The investor should invest in CBA as risk in CBA is less in comparison to NAB and profits are higher. Less risk and high return will be a good combination for the investors of banks. Reference Accounting for management, 2016. Classification of financial ratios on the basis of function. Accounting Tools, 2016. Net Profit Ratio. CAB, 2016. Commonwealth Bank overview. Credit Suisse, 2009. Technical Analysis - Explained. Global Technical Research and Behavioral Finance. Damodaran, A., 2016. Smoke and Mirrors: Price patterns, charts and technical analysis. Stern. Drake, P.P., 2016. Financial ratio analysis. My Accounting Course, 2016. Operating Margin Ratio. NAB, 2015. Annual report. NAB. Conclusion

Customer Retention in Hospitality Industry CRM

Question: Discuss about theCustomer Retention in Hospitality Industryfor CRM. Answer: Research Methodology Introduction The research purpose is for evaluating the usage of the CRM (Customer retention management) strategies in the sector of hospitality industry. Execution and CRM theory suggests the strategies of customer retention have increasingly become more significant over past ten years. As per Kotler (2008), it has some focus on the client retention but changed recently focused has happened and Strategies of Customer Retention have introduced for instance, Loyalty programs, Marketing of customer relationship, etc. In this way the specialist utilized an exploratory research approach in stage two. This approach is utilized to explore a point or an issue keeping in mind the end goal to build up an understanding to the basic way of the subject. This is important to the examination procedure as the scientist's goal is to inspect the exploration subject from an interior point of view and furthermore an outside viewpoint. For stage two the specialist utilized a blended mode look into process, this was utilized as a part of request to additionally investigate the exploration theme. Motivation The experience of the researcher in the interest of the customer retention and hospitality industry is the motivation for the study of the research. These are the factors that have made the researcher known for the required effort for building the loyalty towards customer. Descriptive research enables the analyst to recognize different answers identified with the examination subject. It enables the specialist to be elucidating while giving conclusions on the understudy. (Nunes, 2006) The scientist felt that and in addition elucidating the examination procedure would be more effective on the off chance that it additionally adopted an exploratory strategy. Research Questions The aim of this study is for examining the efforts that the hotels are using for retaining the existing clients in present scenario of economic crisis. Over the previous decade business' have started to concentrate more on keeping clients as opposed to simply increasing new ones. Organizations have adjusted to the reasoning that if organizations keep their clients, construct connections and loyalty towards customers then these clients will turn out to be more productive than a consistent stir of new clients. Therefore, below are some of the primary questions that are based on the research and are examined in this research paper: Retention strategies that are implemented currently in the hotel industry Recent modifications that are done in these strategies because of the present economic climate In external initiatives involvement is there External initiatives and measurement of the CRM Research Philosophy As per Creswell (2003), paradigm also called as philosophies of the research, is the suspicion that the scientist will start the exploration procedure with, in connection to what they will realize and how they will master amid the request procedure. This methodologies has a few assumptions, for example, "the implications are built by individuals as they take part in the social setting that they are deciphering", "people draw in with world and make sentiments in light of their own social points of view, the analysts look to get a comprehension of the setting of members and to make a translation the scientist makes this in light of their own social viewpoints", and " the specialist procedure has a tendency to be an era of importance which is social in nature and emerging from connection in groups". Research Design The research aim that is exploratory is for searching or exploring through the situation or issue for giving understanding and insights. Descriptive research is the research that is going to describe the functions or characteristics of the market and includes structured and pre-planned design that is used normally for making specific predictions. The exploratory research results are tentative and followed normally in future research. With the help of the approaches of mixed method research permits researcher for developing the triangulation on topic of research. (Malhotra, 2007) This triangulation is the significant element in research procedure and offers researcher the in-depth and flexible approach in process of research. (Kenningham, 2001) Collection of Data Primarily the review of intensive and relevant literature was carried out for recognizing the relevant secondary information or data that will guided the methods used in primary collection of data. In this research, firstly the descriptive research and then the second that is exploratory research were finished. The phase one was concluded by the descriptive research for collection of primary data and was carried out to destination audiences by administering of surveys. Initially researchers though to use qualitative approach with the help of in-depth interviews but because of time constraint the researcher uses the option that will make sure having high rate of the response. Secondly, the exploratory research is carried out method of mixed mode. Phase One: Survey Target audience They are the population from hotel sector and list was created which contains best hotels such as Hilton, Marriott. Sampling Each hotel is considered for sampling and the frame of sampling is the census sample. The nature is method of non-destructive method. (Malhotra, 2007) Design of survey Saunders (2009) highlights the significance of the questionnaires that are well designed and requires for collecting the data that is precise and needed for answering the research aims. The design of the structure using structured questions that pre-specify the response set format and alternatives. The formats of the questions were very nominal that uses class percentages and numbers to indentify. Likert and comparative scales were utilized with the help of rank orders. In survey dichotomous questions were used. This dichotomous questions is the question structure which contains only two alternatives of the response like no and yes. The study experienced various modifications before being sent to respondents to guarantee the effective gathering of vital information. Overviews were managed by means of mail to the evaluation populace. The overviews were gone with stamped tended to envelopes keeping in mind the end goal to expand reaction rate. Reviews were too joined by an introductory letter enumerating the motivation behind the examination and furthermore to guarantee that the examination would be led in a ethical way. Phase Two Research Mixed Mode This phase is based on exploratory phase and uses research method for mixed mode. The sample that was provided to the users contains participation options with the appropriate location and time that is suitable with respondent. This method improves the response rate as it suits the respondents. Thus, some academic needs and limited time ensure the researchers that this is suitable method for data collection phase two process. Target audience The audience in this phase are the survey respondent and expert of marketing in CRM area in hospitality sector. Sampling frame - This uses process of judgement sampling from the respondents from various experts on marketing, members from different institutions and administered surveys. In this phase, judgement sampling was used appropriately. For ensuring, research process in this phase answer the aims of research, objectives and aims were considered in-depth against survey responses and literature review. This created the broad considerations and concepts into primary questions, which used as template for exploratory research. These subject sheets were controlled to the respondents through email alongside an introductory letter. Respondents were provided with the topic sheets with an introductory letter clarifying the examination. The subject sheet likewise incorporated a starting section and finished with a footnote guaranteeing respondents that every single finished questionnaire would get treated with certainty. The topic sheets contained eleven qualitative questions that belongs to open-ended that respondents replied in their particular words and respondents explained as required in request to give the scientist an inside and out view into the area of the topic. Data Analysis and Measurement Techniques The information that was collected from phase one was complied by using excel document and then researcher finished analysis of the outcomes and use tables and graphs for illustrating and representing the outcomes accordingly. The information that was collected from the phase two was collated on the Microsoft word file and then opinions were analyzed of respondents and finally highlight in responses the prevalent themes. Ethical Consideration As per Saunders (2003), ethics in research context demote to behaviour appropriateness in relation to rights those become subject or affected by the work Thus, it was essential for considering the ethical problems throughout research period and always remain sensitive towards impact on work on the defined subjects who approached for taking part in the given research. In starting research phases, gaining consent and clarifying the question related to research, ethical consideration provided to design of analysis of the results, data processing, data storage, collection of data, information that is confidential and questionnaire used in research. Conclusion In this research it is felt that methods that was adopted by the research would answer the questions belong to research, achieve the objectives, addresses all the important ethical problems and make sure that the research is valid and very reliable. In this chapter, major methodology, methods used for development of the research from the previous literature review are introduced. References Kotler P., Armstrong G., Wong V. Saunders J. (2008), Principles of Marketing (Pgs 384-387) Nunes, J. C., Xavier D. (2006), Your Loyalty Program Is Betraying You, Harvard Business Review, 84 (4),12431. Creswell (2003) Research Design P6 Malhotra N.K., Peterson M. (2006), Basic Marketing Research: A decision making approach Kenningham T.L. Varva T.G. (2001).The Customer Delight Principle: exceeding customers expectations. P78 Saunder M., Lewis P. Thornhill A., (2009), Research Method for Business

The Goal of the Firm

Profit-making organizations have to attain various objectives, but their most important goal is to maximize the wealth of their owners or shareholders. This paper will explain how one can measure the achievement of this goal and the major decision variables that financial managers should take into account.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Goal of the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, it is necessary to determine if this objective is always justified and if it should be reconciled with the interests of other stakeholders such as customers or employees. These are the questions that should be discussed. Overall, one can say that the wealth of shareholders has to be the main goal of them firm, but there are stakeholders whose needs cannot be neglected. First, it should be noted that mere increase of profitability should not be the only priority for financial managers and corporate executives becau se it does not always maximize the wealth of shareholders. The thing is that profitability does not include such a factor as risk which influences the rates of return per each share (Gitman, 2009, p. 13). Moreover, profits do not always increase the price of the stocks (Gitman, 2009, p. 13). Therefore, the goal of financial managers is to increase the income of those people who own the stocks of the company. It can be done by raising the price of the stocks. Every decision that managers or executives take should be oriented to this goal. Thus, the interests of owners should be the topmost priority for financial managers and corporate executives. This wealth is usually measured by the share price of the stocks. It is believed that the price of stocks reflects such things as the timing of cash flows, risks, and the magnitude of these flows (Gitman, 2009, p. 13). This is the main indicator of the shareholders’ wealth. While taking any decisions, financial managers should conside r two important variables, namely cash flows or returns and risk (Gitman, 2009, p. 13). These are the most important factors that affect the price of stocks. For instance, high returns usually result in the increase of stock prices. In turn, higher risk reduces the price of stocks and increases the amount of compensation that should be paid to stockholders (Gitman, 2009, p. 15). Therefore, financial managers should find balance between cash flows and risks. Every decision or alternative that does increase the price of the stock has to be rejected. This is the main principle that decision-makers should follow while developing strategies of the firm or introducing new products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To a great extent, I agree with this goal. The thing is that every profit organization should first try to maximize the income of people who invested money in it, in othe r words, one can speak about shareholders. If this objective is not achieved, the very survival of a firm can be imperiled. Moreover, the owners of stocks invested either money or effort in the firm, and their interests have to be the most important ones. Such an approach can be ethically acceptable and it is quite understandable. Nevertheless, one should take into account that there are other stakeholders whose interests cannot be disregarded; in particular, one can speak about clients and workers who can significantly influence the performance of the firm. For instance, if the management tries to reduce the company’s operational costs only by downsizing the personnel, they can lose the loyalty of these workers, and some good employees may eventually leave the company. As a result, the firm will have to struggle with increased turnover that can very harmful for its organizational performance. Furthermore, lack of attention to the quality of products or services, may lead to litigation and loss of market share (Gitman, 2009, p. 17). In the long term, such an approach can result in the decrease profitability and reduced price of the stocks. Therefore, one can say that the wealth of shareholders should be the first priority for financial managers, but this goal should be reconciled with interest of customers or employees; otherwise, the wealth of shareholders may eventually decline. Thus, senior managers should think about various stakeholders who can contribute either to the success of the firm or to its failure. This is the most important issue that managers and executives should remember. Overall, this discussion shows that managers have to find ways of increasing the wealth of owners or people who invested capital in the firm. This is the main objective that every profit organization has to pursue; otherwise it is not likely to survive in the long term. Nevertheless, one should not forget that there are other groups of people who can shape the organiz ational and financial performance of a company, namely clients and employees. By overlooking their needs, managers can achieve some short-term improvements and even increase the price of stocks. However, this strategy can weaken the company’s competitiveness and lost its positions in the future. This is the main risk that decision-makers should bear in mind, if they want to ensure sustainable growth of the firm.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Goal of the Firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Gitman, L. (2009). Principles of Managerial Finance. New York: Pearson Education, Limited. This essay on The Goal of the Firm was written and submitted by user Alexia Harrell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

small business Essay Example

small business Essay Example small business Essay small business Essay small business BY 7us3tn Contents Introduction and Background Information In our coffee shop we will produce pizza, sandwich donut, shisha, coffee, tea, Juice, donut and sweets to customer. Also service we have some service such as draw customer, give charge for telephone on every table and internet WIFI service. When we search about the location for our coffee shop we identify three locations Manama or Jidali or in Mall but we select the Jidali road because Manama not have enough barking and the mall the rent will be high. In our idea we start our business after six onth because we are studying now and we should be have lot of time to focus in sandwich and draw customer. We have some goals we need apply it in the future: Short term aims: 1 . Understand customer believe 2. Attract as we can customer. 3. Give the customer service at high quality. 4. Get good profit. Long term aims: 1 . Open new brunch when our coffee is acceptable be customer. 2. Establish image for our business and improve it. 3. Open new branch in outside of Bahrain. The cost of business is the all money we are pays it for running our business such as expenses and fixed assts. Type of cost Such as Purchase / Rent / Paid Amount (BD) Premises The workplace Rent 300 Equipment Machine (Oven, Fridge, etc ) Purchase Furniture Chairs, Tables, etc Supplies Stock purchase 1850 (for first six month) Running cost Insurance, advertising, telephone bill, Electricity Water bill Paid 4000 (for first six month) Staff Salary, insurance Paid 4500 (for first six month) We select HSBC to get loan and Tamkeen will support us to paid 50% of the interest. Because we are 4 we can get BD 20000 (5000BD for every member). Executive summary We will open coffee shop and in this coffee shop we will sell food and provide special services for our customer. In our idea the location of our business will be in Jidali and we think we can open it after six month. Our idea is creative and the customer will like our coffee shop. In our mind we need attract the customer by provide good service and get good profit. In future we need expand our business. Our business is small business we are managing the business. Of course we need the money but their things also required to running our business such as people to work to do the work. In the production process our business need machine required to running the work also need the material and employees need also for the work. The layout of the coffee shop should be arranged in suitable way and we arrange it in our own to be acceptable for all customer. For the marketing plan we select some way to attract the customer such as give coupon to special customer, all food and service free for opening day, put advertisement in newspaper and magazine and distribute the image for our business. We have clear organization structure and distribute the roles between us in the work every partner get responsibility on one department. For the financial plan we select get loan to cover the shortage and start our business with strong capital. We expect in first six month we dont have so much profit we focus on build name for our business. Description of Business We select coffee shop to Join to the market. It is success business today most of people spend their time in this place and we can take advantage of it by attract the customer in short time. Also we have new idea by provide new style sandwich and pizza in Bahrain and their drawing customer this idea our business will be more successful. As we said in the introduction we start our business after six month but before we open it we go to Jidali to see the best location in our option because the ocation is important for the business to be successful. Also we should provision request to the Ministry of Commerce for our business to give us Commercial Register. Then after we get the Commercial Register and select the location we identify the important resource to our business we should have equipment, material, energy source, financial resources, physical resources and human resources. The important resource: Equipment: We should some important machine for our business such as: For the cook activates: 2. Dishwasher 3. Meat and Chicken Cutter 4. Vegetable Cutter 5. Cooking Ovens 6. Oven-Baked Bread 7. Refrigerators Cooling 8. Blender Juice 9. Frying Potatoes 10. Frying Electric Fillet And Burger 12. The Coffee And Tea Maker 13. Ice Making Machine 14. Microwave 15. Blender Cake Some important things for the running business 2. Tables and Chairs 3. Gas Cylinders 4. Crews Of Utensils Material: We need the material to make our product. And this includes: 1. Meats 2. Chickens 3. Vegetable 4. Fruits 5. Cheese 6. Milk 7. Drinking water 8. Spices 9. Ketchup 10. Mayonnaise 11. Oil 12. salt 13. Mustard 14. Flour 15. Yeast 16. Baking Powder 17. Bicarbonate of Sodium 18. Cream 19. Eggs 20. Chocolates 21 . Flavours For Cream And Cake 2. Sugar Brown Sugar 23. Biscuits 25. Jam 26. Milk Powder 27. Starch 28. Cream Caramel 29. Custard Powder 30. Jelly 31 . Chocolate Syrup 32. Strawberry Syrup 33. Caramel Syrup 34. Semolina 35. Cappuccino Powder 36. -rea 37. Coffey 38. Butter 39. honeyed 40. Sweet Pastry Energy-source 1. Gas 2. coal 3. Water 4. Electricity Financial resources: For our business we select HSBC to get loan and Tamkeen will support us to paid 50% of the interest. Because we are 4 we can get BD 20000 (5000BD for every member). Physical resources The business need place to start and running the operation and the location of the lace should be suitable for this type of business. Because this the business need: 1 . Suitable building. 2. Car parking. 3. Toilet and washing inside the building human resources: Our business needs people to running the operation in the coffee shop. So in our business we need choose perfect and good staff to achieve the goals and success the business. The size of our business: huge capital to start this business. The small business can help us to start slowly in the market and in the time we will growth our work. Total cost of first six month: May be same this. Type of cost 2000 Number of employees required: We are four owners we will take the managing of the business and we need eight employees under us to running the work. The expected sales turnover: 2 3 4 5 6 Cash Sales 1200 1 500 1950 Production plan We have product to produce it to the customer we should have Oven-Baked Bread to break the pastry and Cooking Ovens to cook the foods to the customer because this the kitchen should have the all necessary equipment for cooking all our goods. Production program production program Sl. NO name of product total quantity production per day per month per year Special Donut Pizza 10 3600 Pizza (meat, chicken, etc 5 750 Donut sandwich 14400 Shisha 2400 28800 Coffee -rea 3000 36000 7 Large Juice 20 7200 8 Medium Juice 10800 9 Small Juice 50 18000 Donut 2700 32400 11 1800 21600 12 Crossan 65 23400 13 Chess sandwich 70 2100 25200 Physical plant layout of the coffee shop Machinery and Equipment Name and specifications of machinery Total no. required price per unit Total price name of suppliers Dish washer BHD Geant 360. 000 Meat and Chicken Cutter 500. 000 Vegetable Cutter 20. 000 Cooking Ovens 350 BHD 700. 000 Almoayyed Oven-Baked Bread BHD 500. 000 Refrigerators Cooling 220 BHD 660. 000 Lemarche Blender Juice

Games & Simulations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Games & Simulations - Research Paper Example For example, some visitors like highly exciting rides and can tolerate nausea to considerable levels while some cannot. If a crash occurs, park visors die translating into a decrease in the park’s rating, thus the popularity of the park will be lowered. Your job therefore is to build the park and ensure a steady flow of customers, by hiring the right staff to carry out the requisite tasks that ensure the smooth running of the amusement park (Straight 2012). Rollercoaster Tycoon affords the gamer an opportunity of managing close to every business aspect associated with owning a theme pack. The learning objectives ascribed to the simulation is to design numerous features of the park that impact the park’s on-going popularity as well as the income generated by it. This consequently has an influence on the flow of capital that the player has to maintain, improve, and expand the park. The game consists of twenty one scenarios. In order to complete a scenario and proceed to a new one, the main objective encompasses having a pre-defined minimum number of visitors within a period of between four and five years that defines the deadline of the scenario (Straight 2012). As such, the game highlights that the corpus of business management encompasses the facets of time management, careful planning, hiring the right personnel, considering the needs of all customers, and most importantly, ensuring that you have a steady flow of customers thro ughout the year. Straight, A. (2012). Roller Coaster Tycoon [solve] Walkthrough, FAQ, Hints, Cheats - Cheatbook. Cheatbook - Cheat Codes, Cheats, Cheatsbook, Hints, Tips. Retrieved October 23, 2012, from

An Approach to Recruitment and Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

An Approach to Recruitment and Selection - Essay Example Therefore, his belief regarding customer response and employee enthusiasm has created a considerable influence on the corporate vision of TyCoffi. Notably, the corporate vision of TyCoffi depicts that customers do not only buy a cup of coffee, but also intend on consuming memorable experiences which can be derived particularly from efficient service. Due to this reason, Mr. Mike Jones intends to provide with significant emphasise to boost the collaboration amid employees and encourage them to be more productive in their assigned work maintaining a healthy, coordinated and decentralised organisational structure. Another major facet that Mr. Mike Jones considers to be quite vital is the recruitment and selection process executed to employ competent, enthusiastic and candid employees. He wishes to expand the company with additional five coffee-houses in the Cardiff area, Penarth, Cyncoed, Cardiff Bay, Roath Park and Pontcanna for which he is willing to execute his recruitment and select ion process in a structured, rational and beneficial manner. With due consideration to Mr. Mike Jones’ objective towards overall organisational growth, this report will intend to summarise a detailed approach to recruitment and selection process that can be beneficial for enhancing the relationship between employer and employee in TyCoffi. 2.0. An Approach to Recruitment and Selection The process of recruitment and selection is perceived to be quite significant for an organisation operating in the 21st century with the intention of being competent and sustainable in the highly competitive environment of the era. From a strategic point of view, an effective recruitment and selection process assists the organisation to acclimatise itself in the continuously changing business environment as well as enhances the overall organisational productivity1. Hence, it is of no doubt why managers focus with immense significance to the recruitment and selection process. As often noted by pr actitioners, recruitment can be referred to as the process where the employers intend to attract potential candidates from the external as well as internal (i.e. from within the organisation) business environment2. As noted by Dale (2004), â€Å"The primary purpose of recruitment and selection process is to achieve one desired end: appointing the right person to the right job†3 (pp. 1). Considering the importance of an effective recruitment and selection process in rewarding sustainable growth to an organisation, various factors can be identified that should be taken into account by recruiters while developing the process. These factors can exist both in terms of micro and macro elements in the organisational structure. The micro environmental factors can be stated as the organisational culture, structure, human resource policies and practices along with the overall organisational objective. Similarly, the macro environmental factors can be identified as the availability of p otential candidates for the job offered relative to the pay scale along with the employment rules and regulations as prescribed by the regulatory bodies4. It is worth mentioning that the organisational culture followed in TyCoffi is decentralised in nature which depicts independent participation of individuals in the decision-making process.

Teen Prevention Programs Teen Prevention of Sex Research Paper

Teen Prevention Programs Teen Prevention of Sex - Research Paper Example The study involved a randomized sample of 8430 students between the ages of 13 and 15 from 25 schools in Scotland. The students were evenly divided into two groups: control and experimental groups. The experimental group consisted of students who participated in the SHARE program and the control group consisted of students who participated in the sex-education program. The research was built around a conceptual framework reported in the literature. A review of the literature indicates that previous studies report that conventional sex-education programs have functioned to improve the sexual behavior of teens. However, those studies were based on methodologies involving experimental groups rather than randomized trial samples. Thus this study was intended to use a randomized trial sample as a means of determining whether or not conventional sex-education provided a benefit over and above new programs that were specifically aimed at altering the risky sexual behavior of teens. The research methodology involved participating schools to either implement the SHARE program or to continue with the sex-education program. The students were administered a self-reporting questionnaire within six months the completion of the programs. A further follow-up questionnaire was conducted two years later. An evaluation was conducted to determine the authenticity of the programs. The evaluation took into account variables such as context, delivery and students’ responses to the programs. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in sexual behavior after the completion of both programs based on the follow-up questionnaire. Vastly similar numbers of members of both control and experimental groups reported being sexually active by the time the programs were half-way through. Similar numbers also reported using condoms as well as engaged in unprotected sex. However, for students in both groups that had withdrawn from the school, there

Effect of Bring your own Device (BYOD) on Cybersecurity

Effect of Bring your own Device (BYOD) on Cybersecurity Effect of Bring your own Device (BYOD) on Cybersecurity at workplace Introduction Several new trends in information access are impacting organizations ability to control and secure sensitive corporate data. The increase in web applications, cloud computing and Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings, and the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon, means that employees, business partners and customers are increasingly accessing information using a web browser on a device not owned or managed by the organization (Morrow, 2012). Bring your own device (BYOD) is process whereby when individual/ employees can use personal devices for business purposes (Privacy Right, 2013). And the D in BYOD includes more than just smartphones. It also includes employees logging into web applications such as Outlook Web Access and SharePoint, SaaS applications such as CRM systems or healthcare billing applications hosted in cloud services, from home desktop or laptop computers (Morrow, 2012). The concept of bring your own device (BYOD) is a growing trend for business IT. There are a var iety of benefits to allowing users to supply their own PCs and mobile devices, but there are also some concerns (Bradley, 2011). Several studies have also shown that BOYD is one the three biggest cybersecurity threat of 2014 (Singh, 2012). In addition, it is suggested that BYOD, or bring your own device, can no longer be thought of as a fad; it is quickly becoming the new reality. In addition, as this trend grows, all businesses are potentially at risk which can stem from both internal and external threats, including mismanagement of the device itself, external manipulation of software vulnerabilities and the deployment of poorly tested, unreliable business applications (Singh, 2012). In this study, the effect of Bring your own Device (BYOD) on Cybersecurity at workplace will be investigated. Hypothesis It might be concluded that due to using of unauthorized devices such as personal electronic device also known as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) at workplaces causes intrusion into the company network, thereby causing data loss, stolen intellectual property to mention but few. Arriving at this hypothesis: It was not an easy task, however, following the provided information made it easier. Coming up with the hypothesis, I had to brainstorm and do enough research to come up with a schematic sketch of the variables (independent and dependent) involved in this issue. To ensure the hypothesis is an empirical statement, general phenomenon, plausible, specific, consistent and testable. In this hypothesis, the identified independent variable is the personal electronic device (BYOD) while the dependable variable is the network intrusion, thereby causing data loss, stolen intellectual property. Figure 1: Schematic sketch of identified variables Independent Variable Dependent Variable Use of Personal Electronic Device à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Network intrusion Figure 1: showing the dependable and independent variables of the hypothesis Findings Studies have shown that one of the biggest challenges for organizations when employees use their own device organizations is that corporate data is being delivered to devices that are not managed by the IT department (Morrow, 2012). This has security implications for data leakage, data theft and regulatory compliance (Morrow, 2012).in addition, the use of unmanaged devices such as BYOD causes enterprises to have less control and visibility, and fewer mitigation options than they do with managed devices (Morrow, 2012). In addition, Laptops, smartphones and tablets that connect to corporate networks significantly increase threats to sensitive data (Morrow, 2012). . Organizations should be concerned about the security state of endpoint devices and the risks to which they are exposed. Key loggers, malware and cyber-attacks have greatly increased the potential for unauthorized access to, and information theft from, endpoints. Potential unintended consequences such as data leakage and mal ware reinforce the need to enhance the security of corporate data. A malicious employee can easily steal company trade secrets, intellectual property or sensitive customer information by saving it locally or to a cloud service, sending it through accounts in Dropbox and you send it or emailing it via a personal webmail account. Organizations must control the data after its delivered to the device to prevent accidental or intentional loss by careless or malicious end users. Studies have also shown that to assess the risks of BYOD computing, everything from data contamination to user habits to the activities of criminal syndicates needs to be considered (Romer, 2014). Some of the security risks to be considered includes: Security as an afterthought: Shows that most mobile devices either lack advanced security features or have them disabled by default. Even basic features such as screen locks are turned off, and most users leave them that way (Romer, 2014). Data contamination: Shows the photos and other content share storage space along with confidential business data. This combining of data introduces new risks to the enterprise. Through carelessly configured back-ups or file copies, personal content might accidentally end up on corporate file servers. Worse, personal files that contain malware might spread to business files and from the mobile device to internal file servers and other enterprise assets (Romer, 2014). New Forms off malware: Shows that New forms of malware targeting mobile devices are on the rise. IBM predicts that mobile malware will grow 15% annually for the next few years (Romer, 2014). Hackers and criminal syndicates realize that most mobile devices are less secure than more traditional devices such as laptops (Romer, 2014). They have begun targeting mobile devices for attacks ranging from mischievous pranks to advanced persistent threats that stealthily copy internal data over many months, transmitting it to remote control centers around the world (Romer, 2014). Phishing attacks that slip past network defenses Shows that many employees routinely catch up on email and work during evenings and weekends, and when they do, they typically use smartphones or tablets (Romer, 2014). Realizing that most of these devices lack AV software and that most email and web traffic accessed remotely bypasses inspection by firewalls and gateways, attackers are now designing phishing attacks and other email exploits to be triggered during non-business hours (Romer, 2014). Lost Devices: Shows that on average, a cellphone is lost in the US every 3.5 seconds.1 Even if a lost smartphone or tablet does not contain confidential data, it still might include apps or cached credentials that make it easier for criminals to infiltrate an enterprise network (Romer, 2014). As workers begin carrying more devices, the likelihood of them losing devices only increases (Romer, 2014). Risky file sharing: shows that to ensure all their devices have the files they need, employees often try out one or more file-sharing services, including free but risky file-sharing apps that run on public clouds (Romer, 2014). Unfortunately, these services, though popular, are usually not secure enough to be trusted with enterprise data (Romer, 2014). Conclusions with recommendations Overall, this study shows that organizations should be concerned about the security state of endpoint devices and the risks to which they are exposed. In addition, key loggers, malware and cyber-attacks have greatly increased the potential for unauthorized access to, and information theft from, endpoints. Potential unintended consequences such as data leakage and malware reinforce the need to enhance the security of corporate data. In addition, to protect valuable information such as intellectual property, organizations need to make data security a top priority. To counter these sophisticated threats, organizations should employ a layered security strategy that provides necessary access to corporate information while minimizing risk and maintaining compliance (Privacy Right, 2013). When it comes to sensitive information, the focus must go beyond authorized and unauthorized users and extend data protection from storage through transport to delivery on the endpoint to prevent sensiti ve data loss (Privacy Right, 2013). Organizations also need to stop making a distinction between devices in the corporate network and devices outside of it, and focus instead on protecting their information (Privacy Right, 2013). They must compartmentalize access to sensitive information, employ better audit logging and log analysis, and deploy security solutions that are designed to support current BYOD strategies, such as those that can control the replication of data (Privacy Right, 2013). In conclusion, organizations must now readdress their corporate policies to ensure that their greatest asset information is being safeguarded on these mobile devices that are outside of their direct control (Gatewood, 2012). References Singh, Niharika. B.Y.O.D. Genie Is Out Of the Bottle Devil Or Angel Journal of Business Management Social Sciences Research (JBMSSR) ISSN No: 2319-5614 Volume 1, No.3, December 2012 Bradley, Tony. Pros and Cons of Bringing Your Own Device to Work. PCWorld. PCWorld, 21 Dec. 2011. Web. 17 Dec. 2016. Privacy Right. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) . . . at Your Own Risk | Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 1 Sept. 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2016. . Morrow, B.BYOD security challenges: Control and protect your most sensitive data(2012) Network Security, 2012 (12), pp. 5-8. Romer, Hormazd. Best Practices for BYOD Security. Computer Fraud Security 2014.1 (2014): 13-15. Web. 17 Dec. 2016. Gatewood, Brent. The nuts and bolts of making BYOD work. Information Management Journal, Nov.-Dec. 2012, p. 26+. Academic OneFile, Accessed 17 Dec. 2016.

The Divine Comedy vs. Paradise Lost Essays -- essays research papers

Full Circle – from Sin to Salvation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Great works of literature have been written throughout history. However, The Divine Comedy and Paradise Lost have the inept ability to stir the soul and cause a person to examine and re-examine their life. The brilliant descriptions, use of imagery, metaphor and simile give a person a vivid picture of the creation of man and the possibilities for life in the hereafter. This is done, as a person is able to see, full circle, from the beginning of time to the end of time, the consequences of turning away from God. The ability to see a life full circle is apparent through the examination of both of these poems. Although written many years ago, the morals and principles that they convey ring very true for people in this century as well as times yet to come. The Divine Comedy, written in the 14th century by Dante Alighieri, is a heroic epic. Throughout Dante’s literary work, he outlines his scientific understandings of the world, his political views and provides the reader with a moral compass and spiritual map of which to follow. This poem is written in three parts, Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradisio, each of which is broken down into individual cantos. Inferno includes 34 cantos, whereas Purgatrio and Paradiso each contain 33 cantos, however, the first canto of Inferno is really an introduction to the poem. The primary characters in Dante’s poem include himself, who is also the narrator, Virgil, a poet he has admired, who serves as his guide through most of the first two sections, and finally, Beatrice, his inspiration, who greets him at Paradisio and escorts him through the remainder of his journey. Dante experiences a vision, at the age of 35, after experiencing traumatic events in his hometown of Florence. The events that are occurring in Florence at the time are associated with papal corruption and cause Dante to be forced into exile. Following the vision, which confirms to Dante that he has strayed from the right path in life, Dante begins his travel through the three realms, which contain the possible consequences following a person’s death. Dante’s journey begins on Good Friday, when he is escorted to the gates of Hell, moves to Purgatory and ends in Heaven. However, an escort accompanies him for duration of his journey. Virgil, who Dante has long admired, escorts Dante through Hell and... ...or not to obey the Father in the partaking of the fruit. Faith becomes a common theme through questions that are answered within the poems. Raphael answers Adam and reveals the meaning and importance of faith. The same thing occurs in Dante’s poem when St. Peter gives him information. In Milton’s poem we see and feel that the character of Eve is somehow not as important as the character of Adam. This is evident in the way Adam is consulted while Eve is left to herself in times of important conversations. In Book eight, Adam says that Eve is â€Å"th’ inferior, in the mind and inward faculties.† (Paradise Lost, book 8, line 317-318) Eve is a submissive character in Paradise Lost. On the other hand, Beatrice, in Dante’s The Divine Comedy, is a strong character and leads Dante. The use of numbers is very important in Dante’s poem as the number three reveals itself several times as well as the number seven. This is not a characteristic found in Paradise Lost. Both poems inspire their reader to look at their own life. In addition, they treat the reader to a full serving of historic literature that not only entertains, but also teaches valuable lesson in the form of morals and principles.

The rise of high

Background Information on EX. INC The company EX. is a high-end retail chain that sells luxury watches, jewelry and handbags. The company has decided that they would like to expand their organization on a global scale. The organization wants to begin a company in China for a period of 1 year, within that year they will begin to branch out to the countries of Brazil, India, and Russia. As the company begins to work on their short-term objective Of expanding, into China and into the B. R. I.C footprint, there will be small and large-scale changes that will occur doing the process, formulating and implementing a business plan that defines the organization structure and strategy is key to expanding the organization on a lobar scale. There will be many challenges associated when trying to navigate luxury brand items into operating environments across the B. R. I. C to capitalize on the growing wealth and booming middle class. It is speculated that by the year 2050, the B. R. I. C would be wealthier than most of the current economic powers in the world. The B. R. I.C represents more than 40 percent of the world's population. According to investigated â€Å"China and India will become the world's dominant suppliers of manufactured goods and services, respectively, while Brazil and Russia will become similarly dominant as appliers of raw materials. Due to lower labor and production costs, many companies also cite BRICE as a source of foreign expansion opportunity† Move. investigated. Com). Globalization has expanded and accelerated the exchange of many goods and services over vast distances. The recent pace of global integration within the B.R. I. C has dramatically increased, with changes occurring in technology, communication and transportation, these process have made businesses more interdependent than ever. Weiss states â€Å"In an increasingly globalizes world, in which change comes at an ever-faster rate, a DOD business must always have a set of short-te rm as well as long term goals and a detailed strategy for how to reach those goals†. (Weiss, 2012). With the economic growth process occurring through globalization, EX. Inc. Has decided to expand their high-end luxury brand stores globally.As the senior executive representative for EX. Inc. , have been put in charge of the company's first international expansion. It will be my responsibility to decide what organizational changes will take place. As the leader of this expansion, I need to use an appropriate change model that will find ways to improve and expand the organization. The choice Of expanding on a global scale can increase profit; bonus can be offer to future and current employees, and new partnerships are formed that bring new clientele into the EX. organization.China is a great choice for EX. Inc. Global expansion, china is the second largest country in the world, they have about 1. 3 billion people who live and work in a economy where high-end luxury items are wan ted and produce there daily. China is the hub for imported and exported goods, nothing moves into Brazil, Russia or India without coming through China first. The readerships made in China will have a long term affect on future expansion into the B. R. I . C. Knowing upfront the economic advantages in China will give EX. Inc. He competitive advantages that is needed to move forward in the global growing market. As the company begins to work on their short-term objective of expanding into China there will be small and large-scale changes that will occur doing the process, formulating and implementing a business plan that defines your organization structure and strategy is key to expanding the organization on a global scale. Implementing and planning the organization expansion is a lot of responsibility for the persons who have to implement the plan and for the managers and team members who has to enforce the plan.There are three types of changes that happen at the organizational level , the first change is developmental change, this involves an improvement of what already exist. The second change is the transitional change, consists of an â€Å"implementation to achieve a known desired stats that is different from the existing 2012). The last change is transformational change, which involves the emergence of anew, unknown state for the organization. The moved to China is transformational change. Making the transformational shift from the IIS to China will be hard if the proper planning and guidance is not clear.Five Dimension Change model gives the organization a forced guideline to use to stay on track and time with the planned move. This change model provides distinct implementation phases that help the leaders, managers and team members move to their desired destinations. There are a total Of five steps that will ensure that EX. will accomplish there assigned tasks, an take care of there managers and employees in the process. Motivating Change: preparing to l ead the change, s the senior executive of this organization it is my responsibility to ensure that prepare this organization for change on a global and international platform.My company leaders want to partner up with four of the largest countries in the world to become globally competitive. Am being asked to lead immediate change. I must prepare by learning the reality of the situation in B. R. I. C, studying the facts, numbers and details, will need to prepare a case while identifying if I have the right skill sets within my organization to lead the change. I must motivate change by creating readiness and overcoming the resistance for change. Step 2: Creating Vision,- the organization overall vision is to have stores open throughout the B.R. I. C. , to achieve this process, the team will kick at past, present and future conditions. There is no success in business without a vision or a plan. â€Å"A business plan lays out your company's goals so that everyone involved can keep foc used in the same direction. A strategic plan takes this process a step further by giving every division and employee in your company a step-by-step procedure for obtaining the goals set forth in your business plan. Keeping employees focused on the plan means communication and involvement.Every employee will implement your strategic plan as long as he knows his role and can monitor his progress as well as the progress of the company'. (www. Smelliness's. Chronic. Com) Step 3:Developing Political Support- an organization must have political support through transformation process. Step 4: Managing the Transition-according to Weiss ‘intervention must be designed and implemented in both motivating and managing the transition†. An organization can't be afraid of large-scale changes, leaders must know hat is needed within the organization to move towards the company vision.Step 5: Sustaining Momentum: while change and transformation are happening within the organization, leader s are often busy with many projects and are preoccupied with many task, this step allows employees to be engaged and involved with moving towards the organization goals. Open communication between leaders and employees are very important in this last and final stage, providing feedback on concerns, ideas plans goals and performance is important that all see and understand the planned vision of he organization. Used the Five Deem change model for my short and long term change model. Just go through the same process of leading my team Short Term Change Model: Dungy and State's Four Levels Of Change Model The Dungy and State's Four Levels of Change Model, will guide EX. Inc to the transformation that is needed to move the company to China, this change model will help them in 4 different levels achieve there expansion goals internationally. There are specific 4 levels that can occur in an organization. The first level: Fine Tuning, this change involves and ongoing process of itching and fitting an organization strategy, structure, and processes with the environment.This is the level where a strategic plan is laid out at the beginning of the move, every person within this process will be given a step- by-step procedure for obtaining goals sat forth in the organization strategic plan. Leaders and manager will play a very important role of keeping employees on track for the mission at hand. The ultimate responsibility of carrying out the goals set by all falls back on leaders and mangers when the task aren't completed to standard or on time.Level 2- Incremental adjustment: this change model predicts changes that evolve slowly and systematically at a constant rate over time within the organization to fit the external environment. Slightly larger than fine tuning, incremental adjustment to the organization can include correcting faulty processes, changing business emphasis, reallocating staff and so on. â€Å"This takes more work and has a greater risk of going wrong and So is more likely to use local improvement projects, where people take time out of their day work to engage in study of the situation and design of appropriate solutions.Companies that do this often have internal facilitators who are trained up in the methods of improvement and techniques of facilitating nappy, D. And State, D. (1993). Level 3-Modular transformation. Organizational change is radical in this type of change, but it is focused on subparts rather than on the entire organization; for example, restructuring departments or divisions; changes in key executives' and managers' responsibilities; introducing new processes in IT, human resources, or a business process. This type of change is related to transitional change. Weiss, 201 2) Beyond incremental improvement is ‘Business Process Reengineering', or BPR, where the principle is that where incremental changes have limited effect, significant improvements may be achieved by forgetting how the process is enacted at the present and starting with a clean drawing board. Such ‘clean slate' approaches both liberate the designer to entirely re-think how things are done and also give the opportunity for significant failure. A common failure in such projects is where a process gets automated but the software does not behave as well as intended. Level 4 – Corporate transformation.

Emperor Constantine essays

Emperor Constantine essays Constantine was born at Naissus in the province of Moesia Superior on February 27, 272 or 273. Constantius, Constantines father, was a military officer. Constantines mothers name was Helena and was known to be a humble person. Throughout his life, Constantine proved himself to the Roman people. On March 1st of 293, he exceeded the rank of Caesar. Shortly after, he married Theodora, the daughter of Maximian. When Diocletian retired on May 1st of 305, Constantine made the rank of Augustus. In 306, when Constantines father Constantius Chlorus died, Constantine was announced Augustus by his troops at York. Galerius (Constantines opponent) refused to accept Constantine. This didnt last long. In 308, Constantine was required to give up his title and return to the rank of Caesar. He refused, and to prove himself, he went campaigning against the Germans. He marched his German armies into Gaul, and forced Maximian to flee to Massilia. Maximian was Faustas father, which was Constantines wife. Maximian either committed suicide of was executed in 310. The persecution of Christians was had already begun (started in 303). Constantine supported the Christians. He put an end to the persecution of Christians by the Edict of Mulan in 313. One night when Constantine and his army were on a march toward Rome, it has been said that Christ appeared to Constantine and told him to place the heavenly sign on the battle standards of his army. He then told his men to place a cross on their shield for battle. He later learned the cross was the symbol of the Christian Faith. From that day forward, Constantine was committed to the Christian Faith. Just before the tenth anniversary of his approval from the Senate as Emperor, the Arch of Constantine was finished. There were many celebrations. All sacrifices to the pagan gods were not allowed. Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge in 312. The op...

Word Choice Born vs. Borne - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

Word Choice Born vs. Borne - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog Word Choice: Born vs. Borne The words â€Å"born† and â€Å"borne† are spelled almost the same but differ in meaning. Getting these terms mixed up can therefore impact upon the clarity and accuracy of your written work. To help you avoid this kind of mistake, we’ve compiled a guide on how these terms should be used. Born (in the USA) When Bruce Springsteen sang that he was â€Å"born in a dead man’s town† he was using the word in its literal sense, meaning â€Å"existing as a result of birth.† This is why we say that someone born in a certain place was place-born (e.g., German-born, Canada-born, etc.): New Jersey-born soccer player Carli Loyd was instrumental in the USWNT’s World Cup victory. In a more figurative sense, we sometimes use â€Å"born† to mean â€Å"arising from/of†: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein was born of a competition between Shelley and her companions to see who could write the best horror story. Furthermore, if someone has undergone a major change in their life we might say they have been â€Å"born again† (such as a â€Å"born again Christian†). Borne The word â€Å"borne† is the past participle of the verb â€Å"bear.† It therefore means â€Å"to have carried†: On Palm Sunday, Jesus entered Jerusalem borne on the back of a donkey. This is why we use adjectives like â€Å"waterborne† or â€Å"current-borne† when describing something carried by something else (e.g., â€Å"an airborne virus†). Another way in which we use this term is to indicate that someone has taken responsibility for something: The upgrade had been expensive, but the company had borne the brunt of the costs. The term â€Å"borne out,† meanwhile, means to corroborate or confirm something: The scientist’s hypothesis was not borne out by the experiments she conducted. Borne vs. Bore It’s worth noting that the verb â€Å"bear† has another past participle: bore. The difference between â€Å"borne† and â€Å"bore† is that the former is passive and the latter is active. So if we’re using the active voice, in which the subject of the sentence is actively bearing something, we use â€Å"bore†: The palm tree bore coconuts. But when using the passive voice the subject of the sentence is not doing anything, so we use â€Å"borne†: The coconuts were borne by the palm tree. It’s therefore important to remember the distinction between â€Å"bore† and â€Å"borne,† as well as the difference between â€Å"born† and â€Å"borne.†