Out of the comfort zone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Out of the comfort zone - Essay Example The decision maker’s cognitive process forms the basis of explanation on the choices of the subjects. Critics on these methods cite inherence of limitations attributed to the failure to investigate real world decision milieus. My concentration will be on the decision making of the blackjack players relative to the role of experience, customs, beliefs and socio-cultural context in decision making during gambling. I learnt that the term beliefs is used to imply the semantic content of the gambling players’ propositional beliefs that concerns the organization and dynamics of the games played within the casino milieu and the relevant strategies that can be applied to play them (Audretsch, David and Bonser, 1039). In essence, the player’s beliefs have immense strength in determining the outcome of the game upon applying a certain strategy. This aspect is fundamental for me, because I can be able to study and accommodate diverse beliefs of people be either the locals o r foreigners. The Casino experience on this aspect is critical in my â€Å"out of comfort zone† event. Understanding the diverse in beliefs of human race is an essential aspect in making decisions of real life experiences. In essence, comprehending diversity of beliefs is mind opener for numerous psychologists in their day-to-day decision-making (Audretsch, et al, 1043). On equal measure, the aspect of learning and experience in the context of a gambling activity implies to the distinctive subjective experience, which is attributed to the blackjack players as the fundamental development in terms of strategy and belief within the casino milieu. This learning experience may enshrine the dynamism that happen over time within the individuals and the blackjack playing associations (Audretsch, et al, 1043). In essence, it is a progressive trend realized by players over time

Bloomberg Help Essay Example for Free

Bloomberg Help Essay Introduction In this tutorial I will provide an outline to the Bloomberg Essentials On Line training Program also known as BESS. The Bloomberg Essentials program provides a convenient way to learn the basics of Bloomberg Professional financial information system. The training consists of a series of videos (with scrolling transcripts), on-line Help screens and supporting documents. The video tutorial materials are organized into 8 modules as follows: 1. Bloomberg Core 1. Getting Started 2. Bloomberg News 3. Market Monitors and Launchpad 4. API (Bloomberg Data in Excel) 2. Bloomberg Market Sector 1. Equity Essentials 2. Fixed Income Essentials 3. FX (Foreign Exchange) Essentials 4. Commodity Essentials To earn a certificate or Acknowledgement of Completion, you must view the four Bloomberg Core videos and pass the Bloomberg Core Exam, then view at least one of the Bloomberg Market Sector videos and pass its corresponding exam. For example if you are interested in foreign exchange markets, you might consider viewing the FX Essentials training video and then taking the FX Essentials exam. Keep in mind that you only get two chances to take each exam so you need to put in some serious time and effort into the training materials and mastering the concepts before you take the exam. To get started with the BESS training, you should first create your own Bloomberg login. Bloomberg tracks your progress and exam scores using your unique login. A brief tutorial on creating a Bloomberg login can be foundhere. You may also wish to have a set of headphones or ear buds handy for listening to the Bloomberg videos without distracting others around you. The Bloomberg keyboard has a headphone jack th at (if configured properly) should allow you to listen to the videos in privacy. As you are viewing a video, open up an additional Bloomberg window and type in the commands as they are described. You can also pause the video to do more exploration of a particular function  or rewind the video to listen and watch an example again if you did not understand it the first time. Once the video is over, challenge yourself to run through all of the commands just introduced and then practice them to make sure they stay fresh in your memory. THE BLOOMBERG ESSENTIALS ON LINE TRAINING PROGRAM (BESS) Accessing BESS on Bloomberg To get started, log in to the Bloomberg Professional software using your own Bloomberg login account. If you do not have a Bloomberg account, click here for a brief tutorial on creating a new login. In any window, type in BESS (type the letters BESS followed by the Enter key) to display the Bloomberg Essentials screen as shown below: As you can see from the BESS screen, the videos for each of the modules can be launched by clicking on their titles. Along the bottom of the screen there are links to view and take exams, as well as a link to request the Acknowledgement of Completion. On the following pages, each of the videos is introduced along with some pointers for getting most out of your studying time. Bloomberg Getting Started Essentials The Getting Started Essentials training video is approximately 18 minutes long and provides a basic introduction to the Bloomberg including how the Bloomberg Terminal software is organized, key terms used throughout the Bloomberg system and the basics ways of navigating through the system. Some specific topics include broad market analysis, single security analysis, browsing News and obtaining help. When viewing this video pay particular attention to the key terms and definitions, the various ways of obtaining help, and the special function keys available on the Bloomberg keyboard. The video tutorial begins with a high level overview of Bloomberg’s menu based navigation system starting with the MAIN menu function. This function shows how Bloomberg’s data and screens are organized into market sectors, trading systems, customization and settings tools, Bloomberg Law and Government and Help and Support. The next section of the tutorial introduces the Bloomberg keyboard. The keys are color coded according to their overall purpose such as: Red Keys are used to log into the system (the Red DFLT key) and to cancel a current function(red Cancel key in the upper left corner). Green keys are used for navigation and obtaining help such as the block of green navigation keys on the right for Page Up, Page Down, End, Menu, etc. and the Green Help, Search, News, etc. keys along the top of the keyboard. Yellow keys are the market sector keys. Each one helps in identifying financial instruments or market sectors. These yellow market sector keys include Govt (for Government debt), CORP (for Corporate debt), MTGE for Mortgages, M-MKT for Money markets, MUNI for Municipal securities, PFD for preferred, EQUITY for equities, CMDT for Commodities, INDEX for indexes, CRNCY for currencies (foreign exchange) and finally CLIENT for portfolio management functions. Obtaining Help in Bloomberg There are a number of ways to obtain help in the Bloomberg system. As the tutorial continues, note that Pressing the green HELP key while on any screen will bring up a help screen that explains the function the screen is implementing as well as tips on using the screen and what each field or area of the screen represents. The picture below shows the help screen for the MOST function (Most active equities). Another way to obtain interactive help is to press the HELP key two times. This will open up a chat session with the Bloomberg help desk. Type in any question you might have and a Bloomberg help desk representative will walk you through any functions or screens to answer your question. The third way to obtain help is to press HELP key after typing in the name or ticker symbol of a financial instrument (or any word for that matter). The result will be a list of different search categories matching your query. For example, typing in BOB EVANS provides the search results that follow. Note Bloomberg found results in categories such as Companies, People, News, Law, Equities and Fixed Income.: Content Areas: News, Economics and World Indices The next section of the video tutorial focuses on four major content areas: News, Economic Calendar, World Equity Indices, and Economic Statistics. Bloomberg Top News To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N . Bloomberg Economic Calendar The Bloomberg Economic calendar displays prior and announced economic report releases. To access Bloomberg Economic Calendar type ECO . Bloomberg World Equity Indices The Bloomberg World Equity Indices screen displays leading indices from equity markets around the world. This screen allows you to compare both current market levels as well as historical levels. To access the Bloomberg World Equities Indices screen type WEI . Bloomberg Economic Statistics The Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen can be used to display economic indicators such as Consumer Price Index (CPI), unemployment, housing, consumer confidence and many others for dozens of countries around the world. To access the Bloomberg Economic Statistics screen type ECST . Single Security Analysis The next set of functions demonstrated all work on a single security. So to get started with each one, we type in the ticker symbol of a company, then press the EQUITY (F8) key. Then follow this up by typing in the name of the function. Company Description The company description screen provides an overview of the company including its industry, current and historical price chart and data, recent searching and dividend data and other summary information. There are a total of 4 screens (press PG DOWN for additional screen). For example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM DES Bloomberg Historical Prices The HP function can be used to view a set of historical equity prices. For  example, assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM HP Bloomberg Graph Prices The GP function can be used to create a price graph of a security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command would be: IBM GP Bloomberg Company News The CN function can be used to search for news articles mentioning a specific security. Assuming the target company is IBM, the command to search for news would be: IBM CN Bloomberg â€Å"Cheat Sheets† In addition to the help screens that Bloomberg provides, there are also â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents – that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions organized by asset type or by job function. To get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the function ttCHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Bloomberg Messaging System The last portion of the Getting Started tutorial video introduces the Bloomberg Messaging system. This is basically an e-mail system built into the Bloomberg software that allows you to send messages, screen captures and other materials to others on the Bloomberg network. To get started with the Bloomberg Messaging system, simply press the green MSG button or type in the function: MSG Messages are listed in the inbox click on a message to view its contents. There is a yellow text box used to search for messages and buttons to create new messages, etc. Bloomberg News Essentials The Bloomberg News Essentials video is approximately 20 minutes long and focuses exclusively on the Bloomberg News functionality. Specific topics include drilling down from the top level news function N down through different news categories to specific news articles. Custom news searches, screens and alerts are also covered. When going through this material pay particular attention to how the Bloomberg news is organized and the various methods used to browse and search for news articles. The Bloomberg Top News Screen The video tutorial begins with a review of the BLoomberg Top News screen. To access Bloomberg Top News press the green NEWS key or type N or you can type TOP . The default top news screen shows top news world wide. There are a set of Topic heading along the left side in the gray colored sidebar. Clicking on any one of those topics narrows the news search down. Clicking on any news headline will bring up the full news article. Once the news story is displayed, it can be printed, bookmarked by clicking on the star icon (or option 91)), or forwarded to a colleague using the Send Story feature. These are shown in the upper right corner of the screen. If the news story has an attachment it will be available under the 97) selection. In this example there is a chart attached to the story. The search field is in the upper left corner and allows you to search for keywords within the story. Note that this story has 3 pages. By scrolling to the end of the story you can view a section of Related News and Information in addition to the author’s contact information. Customizing Top News The Top news screen can be customized to filter and display only those news headlines relevant to the user. For example, the Top News pages by including only relevant topics selected form the list of categories on the right as  shown here: Bloomberg News Advanced Search The Advanced Search feature can be used to build up a sophisticated search on Bloomberg news (beyond looking for simple keywords). From the Top News screen (N ), pull down the 97) Actions screen and click on the Create Advanced Search menu item. Searches can be saved and associated with alerts so that any new news article matching the advanced search criteria will be brought to your attention. For example, the advanced search below is set up to look for the phrases â€Å"Share Buyback† or â€Å"Stock Buyback† that appear in stories related to the Information technology and Telecommunications industries. The source of the news story should be Bloomberg News (BN). Bloomberg Launchpad Essentials The Bloomberg Launchpad is a graphical user interface that can be customized to create multiple screens or â€Å"Views† made up of market data, charts, news and other components. A view can consist of multiple pages that can be created, customized and saved. While going through this 30 minute video, it is easy to create your own Launchpad views along side the instructional video. Pay particular attention to the types of components (watch lists, news minder, etc.) that can be added to the Launchpad view and the different ways in which these components can be linked. For example, the Monitor (watch list) component has a number of ways in which individual and collections of securities can be added to the watch lists and then linked to other components such as News. Below is an example of a Bloomberg Launchpad view showing a number of different components (click for a larger image). A Market Monitor is in the upper left corner showing major market indexes for North America, Latin America (LATAM), Europe and Asia/Pacific. This monitor is linked to the News/Research pane below such that clicking on a market index will bring up Bloomberg News filtered for that specific index and region. The monitor is also linked to the line chart in the upper right corner so clicking on one of the indexes causes the chart to display. An Economic Calendar is displayed below the line chart showing historical economic indicator  releases. An intraday Market Map is displayed in the lower right corner and is also linked to the Market Monitor. The Market Map is an interactive map showing stocks by market capitalization broken down by industry and sector and colored according to their price gains (green) or losses (red) during the current trading day. Bloomberg API Essentials The Bloomberg API is a spreadsheet Add-in module for Microsoft Excel that provides various methods for bringing Bloomberg data directly into Excel. The Excel API video is the longest and probably the most detailed tutorial in the Essentials collection. Highlights of this 30 minute video include working with the different Wizards that are available to fetch different types of data. These wizards include: Data Navigation – Download data for a single security from a set of categories including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX. Real-Time / Historical Navigation – Fetch real-time and historical market data including intraday and end-of-day data. Equity Screener – The Equities Screen feature allows you to screen stocks based on different criteria. Financials / Estimates – Provides the means to retrieve historical balance sheet and analyst estimates data. Technical Analysis navigator – Similar to the historical data wizard but includes a collection of technical analysis indicators. Ultimately given a description of the final data set required, you should be able to identify the appropriate Wizard to run and/or or Bloomberg Excel function to use to fetch that data. Other features described in the video are the Template Library which is a collection of pre-designed spreadsheets that can be further customized. Below is a picture of the Bloomberg Ribbon bar running in Microsoft Excel 2010. Bloomberg API – Data Navigation The Data Navigation wizard provides a convenient way to download a set of related data for a single security. After launching the wizard and selecting a security (Apple (AAPL) in this example), a list of categories are presented including Company Summary, Financial/Valuation, Consensus  Estimates, Ownership, Peer Group Analysis, Options Credit and FX as shown below: After navigating from Company Summary to Overview, the resulting data can be dropped into Excel using the â€Å"Drag to Excel† button as shown below: Bloomberg API – Real Time / Historical Data The Real Time / Historical data wizard provides a set of steps to ultimately create a formula (or set of formulas) in Excel that will fetch real-time data from the Bloomberg network or populate the spreadsheet with rows of historical data. The icon and drop down menus for the Import Data function are shown below: For example, the Real-Time/Current wizard prompts for a security (AAPL in this example) and then a set of fields (PX_LAST for last price, PX_BID for Bid Price and PX_ASK for Ask price were selected). the result is a set of three Bloomberg BDP functions (Bloomberg Data Point functions) that pull the data from the Bloomberg network into Excel as shown below (note the formula in cell B2): Additional Resources for the Bloomberg Excel API Bloomberg offers additional tutorials and other resources to help you learn even more about the API. An interactive Bloomberg Excel tutorial can launched using command function : XATP XAPI This tutorial launches MS Excel and provides a collection of example worksheets that document the various features of the Bloomberg Excel Add-in. Of particular interest are the large collection of BLoomberg-specific functions such as BDP, BDH, BDS, BCURVE, BEQS, and others. Bloomberg Equity Essentials The Bloomberg Equity Essentials video covers one of the four alternate Market Sectors for the Bloomberg Essentials program. This 35 minute video covers the main functions for researching equities (stocks) using the Bloomberg terminal. Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials The Bloomberg Fixed Income Essentials video is 25 minute in duration and covers the main functions for searching and analyzing fixed income instruments such as corporate bonds, municipal bond and government treasuries. The Fixed Income video is one of four alternate Market Sector areas. Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials The Bloomberg Foreign Exchange (FX) Essentials video is 35 minutes in length and covers various foreign exchange instruments such as spot FX, forwards, swaps and interest rate products. Bloomberg Commodities Essentials The Bloomberg Commodities Essentials covers the use of Bloomberg to monitor and analyze the spot and futures commodities markets. This video is 27 minutes long and represents one of the four alternate Market Sector specialties in the Bloomberg Essentials program. In the next pages I will provide some tips on taking the exams. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Exams Once you have reviewed the four Core videos you will be eligible to take the Core Essentials exam. From the BESS screen click on the link to View and Take Exams. The Master Exams screen will appear as shown below: Usually the first exam to be taken will be the Core Essentials exam with Mnemonic COREESS. When you are ready to take the exam click on this link and the exam will launch. Taking the Bloomberg Essentials Core Exam When the Bloomberg Core Essentials (COREESS) exam launches it will present a notice about the grading policy for the exam. Note that the exam is not graded until answers to all 30 questions have been submitted. Pressing the Menu button will close this notice screen and the exam will start off with question number 1. Below is an example question and answer format (the actual question and answers have been obscured). Answering a question is a two step process: First click on your answer choices, and then click on the red Submit button at the bottom of the screen. You cannot proceed to the next question until the current question is submitted. Note also that the entire exam’s answers are not checked until the last question is submitted. Continue answering questions and Submitting answers until you reach the last (30th) question. Bloomberg University Bloomberg University is a collection of help and documentation guides along with schedules and sign-up sheets for Bloomberg training events. To access Bloomberg University use the code BU to bring up the screen: Of particular interest to new Bloomberg users are the various â€Å"Cheat Sheets† – one or two page documents that provide quick access to many of the different Bloomberg functions. TO get started viewing Cheat sheets, use the code CHEAT to bring up the screen: For example given the above CHEAT screen, click on the link 1) Getting Started to view the Getting Started cheat sheets as shown below: Clicking again on the 1) Getting Started link will display the actual cheat sheet for getting started. Various language versions are presented. Click on the link for the desired language and the two page PDF will be downloaded and open in Adobe Acrobat. Conclusions In this series of posts I have covered a very basic introduction to Bloomberg including creating your own Bloomberg account and going through the Bloomberg Essentials training.

Ku Klux Klan :: American History KKK

Ku Klux Klan During the nineteenth century, black people were treated as slaves. White governments introduced many laws to control their freedom. They could not vote. They were denied access to good jobs and to worthwhile education and well into the twentieth century they suffered great poverty. People from the USA wanted to prevent them from voting and holding office. They were called the Ku Klux Klan, it was organized in Pulaski, Tennesee, during the winter of 1865 to 1866 by six former confederate army officers who gave their society a name adapted from the Greek word Kuklos.The KKK used violence and intimidation to keep blacks segregated. They used parades, beatings, lynching, and other violent methods to intimidate blacks. The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK as known today, was started in the spring of 1866. Six Confederate veterans formed a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee. This KKK only lasted a short six years, but left tactics and rituals that later started in generations. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan was a small group very much in secrecy at first. The exact date of the beginning is unknown. Despite all of the secrecy the six KKK members initiated new members to join their social club. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan now started to spread across Tennessee. At first the Klan used tricks to keep blacks "in their place". At first, the Klan would ride around on horses, and with their white robes, and white pointed masks, try to scare blacks. They would try to act like ghost with their white uniforms. Unfortunately, the Klan quickly moved to more violent pranks. (Ingalls, 12) In 1869, General Forrest, the Grand Wizard of the KKK ordered Klansmen to restrict their activities. The Klan was getting out of control, and Congress passed a Ku Klux Klan Act in 1871. By the end of 1872, the federal crackdown had broken the back of the KKK. Because of the restriction and the Act passed violence was isolated but still continued. The KKK was dead, and Reconstruction lived on in southern legend . This would not be the last of the KKK. On the night of Thanksgiving in 1915, sixteen men from Atlanta, Georgia climbed to the top of Stone Mountain and built an altar of stones on which they placed an American flag. They then stood up a sixteen foot long cross and burned it. One week later, this group applied for a state charter making it "The Knights of the KKK, Inc.

Media and Social Responsibility Essay

Do information media have social responsibility? If yes, in what ways? If no, why not? I, along with many other people will agree we are not sure what responsibilities are that information media has, but they do have some sort of responsibility. Media outlets need to remain unbiased, but we all know that none of them do. The certain news sites that I read, do usually seem one sided, but I keep an open mind when it comes to believing what the say. If I have any doubt what I am reading is far fetched, I turn to other sources to make sure I get the whole story. Over the years when I have done research on a particular topic, I have always used multiple sources. As far as the information media having any responsibilities, the have many. The main responsibility that they have is to report the most truthful news that they possibly can. They need to stay away from what their views are and report the truth, not just what they speculate. That is the biggest problem they have. If we can’t believe what they say, how are we going to find out what really happened. Their responsibilities need to stay focused on what is needed to be done, and that is to get a factual story out to the general public. Too many media outlets rush to get the â€Å"BIG† story out before the others and they leave out many key factors and the story usually doesn’t make much sense. The ones that are usually guilty of that are the local sites. They want to break the news when the have no information what so ever.

The Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico

The Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico Miguel Leon-Portilla's book â€Å"The Broken Spears† Introduction Other resources: †¢Aztec Life †¢Mexica Culture †¢Mexica Medicine †¢Religion of the Modern Aztlan Movement †¢Religion of the Mexica ; Bibliography †¢Major Deitites of the Mexica †¢Minor Deitites of the Mexica †¢Aztec Cannibalism: An Ecological Necessity? Path of the Conquest On November 8, 1519, the Spanish conquistadors first entered the great city of Mexico, the metropolis the Aztecs had built on a lake island.Don Hernando Cortes, who was accompanied by six hundred Spaniards and a great many native allies, at last could see for himself the temples and palaces about which he had heard so many marvels. The Spaniards arrived from the direction of Tlalpan, to the south of the city, passing across one of the wide causeways that connected the island with the mainland. When they reached a locality known as Xoloco, they were wel comed by the last of the Motecuhzomas, who had come out to meet them in the belief that the white men must be Quetzalcoatll and other gods, returning at last from across the waters now known as the Gulf of Mexico.Thus Cortes and his men entered the city, not only as guests, but also as gods coming home. It was the first direct encounter between one of the most extraordinary pre-Columbian cultures and the strangers who would eventually destroy it. Cortes landed on the coast at Veracruz on Good Friday, April 22, 1519; the Aztec capital surrendered to him on August 13, 1521. The events that took place between these two dates have been recounted in a number of chronicles and other writings, of which the best known are the letters Cortes wrote to King Charles V and the True History of the Conquest of Mexico by Bernal Diaz del Castillo.These two works, along with a few others also written by Spaniards, until now have been almost the only basis on which historians have judged the conquest of one of the greatest civilizations in pre-Columbian America. But these chronicles present only one side of the story, that of the conquerors. For some reason-scorn, perhaps-historians have failed to consider that the conquered might have set down their own version in their own language. This book is the fir

Blue Borax Jewels

Blue Borax Jewels Borax beads are used to identify certain metals using the bead test. Make blue borax beads that resemble small jewels. Keep the jewels or use them to examine the characteristic blue color produced by cobalt. Borax Bead Materials boraxcobalt chloridewire loopcandle, gas burner, or alcohol lamp Procedure Gently tap the wire loop against a surface to make certain it is clean of any residue. Heat the loop in a flame to burn off any contaminants.Dip the hot wire loop in a small amount of borax. The heat of the loop should melt enough borax on contact to allow you to form a small borax bead. Heat the loop with borax in the flame until a white glassy bead forms. Remove the loop from the flame. Tap the loop against a surface to dislodge the borax bead. This is a white bead of pure borax, which you can now compare with the blue bead youre about to make.Making a blue bead, or a bead from any metal salt, follows much the same process, except you need to incorporate the metal into the bead. To make a blue bead, mix a small amount of cobalt chloride into a bit of borax. You may need to crush the cobalt chloride to grind it. You can use the back of a teaspoon to achieve this.Once the cobalt chloride and borax are mixed together, heat the clean wire loop and press the hot loop into the mixture. R eturn the coated loop to the flame to produce a blue bead. Tap the loop against a surface to free your bead so you can examine it. If you hold the bead up to the light, you should see a lovely translucent blue. If your bead is black, you used too much cobalt chloride. You can repeat the process using more borax/less cobalt chloride. The blue color is characteristic of the metal ion used to produce the bead, which was cobalt. More Colored Jewels Try using other metal salts to produce colored beads: copper sulfate - copper - blue greenferric ammonium sulfate - iron - yellow or golden brownmanganese salts - violetnickel salts - brownchromium salts - light green Learn More Bead Test to Identify Metals

How To Write Management Essays Correctly

How To Write Management Essays Correctly Management Essay: Writing a Top-Notch Essay Many people perceive management as a study that only CEOs and management professionals should gather knowledge from. This is, however, a wrong thought that should be avoided. Management skills are for everyone, as we all apply it at a particular point in your daily activities. In practice, you can only master this skill less from the books you read, and more in the real world. However, you cannot undermine the strength of your theoretical knowledge as it still applies in mastering management skills. Below I will provide you with step by step processes and tips on how to come up with a strong management essay worth an A+ grade. Basic knowledge for writing a management essay A management essay is meant to test the knowledge of a student on a specific subject in question. It requires critical thinking which requires you to be more creative when crafting your arguments and the whole work altogether. To begin with, read through the prompt and understand what is required of you. Remember that the answers and arguments you put in your essay will assess your knowledge and understanding of the theory aspect of management, and how you will apply it to practice. Below are some key pointers that you need to consider to craft an impressive management essay: The structure of a management essay As an academic assignment, management essay still has to follow a particular format to ensure the presentation has a logical flow of ideas. Here is the structural orientation that you should follow in writing a captivating management essay. a) Introduction Quickly introduce your paper and concisely explain its importance Briefly discuss the aspects that contribute to the topic of discussion Present a well-structured thesis statement. b) Body Paragraphs Introduce each argument in a separate paragraph Each paragraph should begin with a topic sentence of your argument The number of paragraphs in the body on your work will depend on the number of arguments to be presented Give supporting evidence for each argument presented Provide a logical transition from one body paragraph to the other c) Conclusion Briefly restate the thesis statement presented at the end of the introductory paragraph Restate in a summative manner. All the main points addressed in your body paragraph Provide proof of the authenticity of your thesis statement in the real-life business sector Tips for writing a management essay After you have read and understood the structure of a management essay, its time to embark on writing it. Below are helpful tips that will enable you to craft a good essay: Introduction Writing an introductory paragraph can be a bit challenging for students who depend on their theoretical knowledge more than the practicalities of the same knowledge. In simple words, management is a practical skill, and you cannot present an introduction based on the theoretical aspect of the coursework. Even though you are required to introduce the topic of discussion briefly, it is also required that you highlight the practical meaning of the topic you are to discuss. When you succeed to hook the reader to your work, give a brief summary of the problem that is to be addressed. Uses between 2-3 sentences to do this, and provide an overview of the aspects you are to support with relevant evidence. Finally, describe your thesis statement which should pose the main argument of your whole work to be discussed further in the body paragraphs Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph should describe a single point of view that is to be argued by the writer. Make sure you have a rough draft of the main point you are to discuss. Also, begin each paragraph with a topic sentence that sums up the whole content of the paragraph. This helps the professor in skimming through each paragraph without reading through each sentence. Lastly, remember to use transitional words which will provide a connection from one paragraph to the other. This is important in the making sure your work has a logical flow of ideas thus awarding you with a quality academic score. Conclusion You should know that the conclusion part is a summary of your management essay which should not have any new information other than the o presented in your body paragraphs. The main purpose of the conclusion part is to give the reader a summative text that ensures all addressed points have been substantially argued and a comprehensive answer realized. As always, the conclusion also covers the thesis statement and proves it’s validity to the work you have presented.   Remember to be brief in explaining your points as argued in the body paragraphs to make sure that the reader still remembers and relates to your arguments and perspective in general. Identifying the right sources for your management essay As you work on your paper, remember that as an academic essay, your paper requires you to use credible sources to back up your major points. However, some sources such as Wikipedia are discouraged since it allows any person to edit its articles. Also, keep your distance from blog posts which are mostly written for the sake of entertainment rather than educational purposes, thus not considered valid as per the professional academe requirements. There are several credible sources that you can use. For example, an online magazine such as the New York Times is a reliable source of information. Previously published academic work can be used too, which are available in both online and the institution’s database.   Your local library can also come in handy, although it cannot be considered as the best source for a management essay. Google scholar is also a credible source. Polishing up your essay Proofreading your work is of importance once you finish the writing part of it. This will help you to detect and edit ay form of grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Form the prompt; make sure you follow the formatting guidelines that have been given. If you fail to follow the instructions given, the professor will be left with no option but deduct a few points from your written work. As for the structuring of your essay as per the various academic styles (APA, MLA, Chicago Turabian), follow the one which you have been instructed by the professor in the prompt. By following the required instructions on the prompt, you are guaranteed of higher grades on your management essay.

Vaccination and Baccalaureate

Vaccination and Baccalaureate Vaccination and Baccalaureate Vaccination and Baccalaureate By Maeve Maddox I wanted to call this post Cows and College Graduates, but blog titles must be plain and to the point. Warning: This is something of a shaggy dog story, so if youre the impatient type, you may want to skip this post. Vaccination The Latin word for cow is vacca. When Edward Jenner was looking for a way to prevent smallpox (variola), he worked with the less deadly disease cowpox (variolae vaccinae). Variola is from Latin varius, spotted, or varus, pimple. Vaccinae is from Latin vaccinus, from cows. Jenner coined the word vaccination for his technique of scratching cowpox virus into the skin. Survivors of cowpox were immune to smallpox. Baccalaureate The word baccalaureate comes from Medieval Latin baccalaureus, student with a first degree. Baccalaureate is related to the English word bachelor. Indeed, we refer to a B.A. (Artium Baccalaureus) as a bachelors degree. At the end of the 13th century, a bachelor was a young man in training for knighthood. Although one conjecture is that bachelor derives from Latin baculum, stick, because squires practiced with staves instead of swords, the more likely source is Medieval baccalarius, vassal farmer. Baccalarius derived from baccalia, a herd of cows. Bacca was a Low Latin variant of vacca, cow. A baccalaria was originally a grazing farm and a baccalarius a cowherd or cowboy. In the 14th century the meaning of bachelor evolved from knight in training to junior member of a guild or university. In time, because young men still pursuing their educations couldnt affordin terms of time or moneyto marry, bachelor took on the meaning of unmarried man. The -larius of baccalarius became the -laureus of baccalaureus by way of folk etymology. Before schools adopted the practice of awarding cheesy plastic trophies, academic achievement was honored by the bestowal of a crown of laurel leaves. Laurel berries in Latin is bacca lauri. Ergo, rustic baccalarius became classy baccalaureus and the cow connection was no more. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Among vs. AmongstCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Law of Employment Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Employment Assignment - Case Study Example To make matters worse, he was upset that he was not able to spend more time with his wife, who was expecting their son, who was their firstborn child. In October of 2008, Ahmed went to see his general practitioner, who advised him to take a three week leave, as he was suffering from mental and physical exhaustion. Ahmed's situation became more dismal because upon his return to work, his line manager increased his workload by making him responsible for Eastern Scotland and Northeastern England. When Ahmed explained that the position would be too overwhelming for him and that he did not wish to accept it, his line manager informed him that if he did not accept his new responsibilities, he would be out of a job. Reluctantly, Ahmed took on the responsibilities because he could not afford to lose his job; however, it was not too long before he realized that he was unable to handle matters. Ahmed again visited his doctor, who advised him to take a four week recuperation period, as he was s uffering from severe stress and anxiety. Ahmed did just that, and when he returned to work in early January 2009, his request was granted to have a lower position, so long as his salary was reduced. Ahmed's request was not granted in a way that he thought, as he was now reduced to receiving commission only wages and he was subjected to massive workplace bullying. Not to mention, he was constantly hounded by higher ups to close sales. When Ahmed could take it any longer, he resigned in April 2009. Now, Ahmed wishes to bring damage claims against his employer for psychiatric injury, as a result of the stress he has suffered from being expected to do too much at work, as well as for the bullying and lack of support on the part of his employer. Should Ahmed pursue action against his employer, he has a very good chance of winning the case for a number of reasons. For one, Ahmed's employer violated the UK Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974 in at least two ways. According to a government website that explains the Health and Safety at Work Act in detail, it states that this legislation is enforced to insure that the workplace remains safe for employees. This law requires that an employee is to be provided with a safe work place, as well as a safe work system, meaning that the work environment is to be free of health hazards, and considerations need to be taken of how the job is affecting the health of the employee (HSE, 2010). One way that Ahmed's employer violated this particular act is that he failed to provide him with a safe and healthy work environment. Ahmed was subjected to extremely stressful work conditions, and when Ahmed asked for a reprieve from his line manager, as he asked for a lower and less stressful positi on in the company, his job security was threatened because his line manager told him that he either stuck with the position that he had or he would have no job at all. Afraid for losing his employment, he did the best that he could to stick with his position, until it made him ill. It seemed that the higher ups cared only about what Ahmed could do for the company. They neglected to care about how the workload was affecting his health, despite Ahmed making this known on not one but two occasions. As a result of making his concerns known, he was subjected to workplace bullying in two ways. One way that this was the case was that he was bullied into sticking with his position, despite how it was affecting his health in that he was threatened by his managers. Another way that he

British Government Promises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

British Government Promises - Essay Example This paper stresses that  French gained control of Lebanon as well as Turkish Cilicia with Britain gaining Palestine, Jordan as areas of Bagdad and Persian Gulf. The agreement however failed to indicate complete ownership of the territories, but rather a complete control; through governmental and administrative levels.From this study it is clear that each of the three agreements had conflicts with the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence agreement evidenced in that the real cause for Britain making the agreement was never disclosed. The real cause was to help defeat the Ottoman Empire in the war that had become an ally of Germany (MacQueen,  2013). Conflict in the Sykes-Picot Agreement is evidenced in the fact that the allies focused on means of dividing the previous Arab lands among themselves as opposed to granting independence and the lands back to Arabs as promised. The Arabs therefore were left in the dark of the planned actions. The Balfour Declaration conflict results from givin g the land previously owned by Arabs to the Jews. Palestine declaration as home to the Jews served in fulfilling the interests of Jewish Zionists as keeping the promise made between Britain and Palestines when the Palestines were encouraged to revolt against the Ottoman Empire.  The reasons behind the British making these promises were based on selflessness and individual gain. Britain was wary of Germany and Ottoman Empire support for Germany and thus involved the Arabs to help in the war.

Impact of E-commerce on B2B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Impact of E-commerce on B2B - Essay Example One of the greatest advantages of an e commerce platform is that information is exchanged between manufacturer and customer directly. The greatest advantage of E commerce is the flexibility it provides to production to take advantage of information sharing long the production chain. A production unit can manipulate this information to great profit customer needs can be coordinated better with processes. (Chen, 2003) The fundamental aim of this paper is to identify E-commerce and its Impact on B2B Organizations Supply Chain and identify the way in which the logistics of business-to-business e-commerce can be managed to gain the most efficient form of supply chain in UK. The fundamental question of this paper is to find out the whether the impact of E-commerce and B2B Organizations Supply Chain if effective and whether it is logical to implement it in the parameter of supply chain in UK. The objective in this study was to see the possible effect of the e commerce system would have on the market segment. The study would in fact be balanced in its validity and reliability by results in questionnaires delivered. The objective would be to discover whether a prior knowledge of management of market segmentation would be beneficial or detrimental toward the company and their understanding of the use of strategies as marketing tools. Data would be gained from a specific area for ease of accessibility and for targeted accuracy lending reliability and validity to the research process. (Jones, 2002) The variables involved would also include age groups, amount of education, and understanding of security needs and responsibility. Other variables may be inclusive of the economic standings of the potential customers of the e commerce system and rival industry, the physical market, along with the same standings for the customers at the edge of the market segment interviewed. A third series of variables includes the types of studies that are managed and the cultural background of the customers at each of these areas. The research paradigm considered by the researcher in regard to this work included the consideration of groups and how strategically developed planning would target them. (Caprette, 2007) 6.0 Methodology The data for this work was managed through a single questionnaire handed out to potential customers of the e commerce system. The researcher utilized gender identifiers and numbers or letters to separate each questionnaire for validity and reliability of results and to ensure bias reductions. The questionnaire is located in the Appendix section for understanding of the questions. Each question had either a 'yes' or a 'no' answer or followed positive or negative reactions to certain questions. The process to deliver and collect these questionnaires would be spanned around approximately two weeks. The

In Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In Economic - Essay Example After losing job, consequently, people lose their sources of income. Therefore, to characterize the degree of the working population, the term "unemployment rate" - the ratio of the number of people to the value of national workforces – is used. One can distinguish three types of unemployment. Frictional unemployment is generated by a constant rate of population movement between areas, from profession to profession. Such unemployment exists even at full employment due to job changing and looking for the best work (it is often regarded as voluntary unemployment). Structural unemployment results from technological changes in the economy, long-term shifts in consumer demand or relocation of jobs from one district to another. In this case, even skilled workers remain jobless. Cyclic unemployment is caused by a generally low demand for labor in all sectors and regions; such type of unemployment is a result of slowdown in economic activity in the country. In general, such involuntar y unemployment negatively affects the morale of man; it is also harmful for the psyche. Unfortunately, this type of unemployment prevails in the United Kingdom nowadays. The country is still getting through the effects of the recent world’s crisis, which occurred in 2008 and resulted in large-scale global economy recession. Suffice it to recollect the strikes occurred against the backdrop of a sharp rise in unemployment in the UK (the strike of workers of a refinery plant in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, 2009; the strike of employees of a steel mill in Corus, Redcar). In 2009, there were nearly 2 million unemployed people in the UK (Trading Economics.com, 2009). It is believed that there is so-called natural (normal) unemployment rate, which determines the maximum possible level of employment. In the United Kingdom it is 4 % (Trading Economics.com, 2011). The downsides of unemployment in the UK are the lag of GNP, compared to the amount that the society would have at its potential, loss of income for lots of people, loss of national output, uneven distribution of the costs of unemployment among different social groups, a great many of workers lose their skills. â€Å"High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation and the level of government borrowing. An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments and lower tax revenues. If any person is unemployed, he or she receives benefits, consequently - pay no income tax. It is obvious that when people spend less, they contribute less to the government in indirect taxes. This rise in government spending along with the fall in tax revenues may result in a higher government borrowing requirement (so-called public sector net cash requirement)† (Davidson, 2009). Office for National Statistics UK unveiled data on unemployment in the country (February - April 2011). The unemployment rate for the three months is to remain at the level of January - March and will make 7, 8%, according to analysts (UK National Statistics, 2011). Past two years, countries around the world pursue a policy of fiscal stimulus package, unprecedented in scope - at least for a time of peace. In Greece, the USA, India, Britain and some other states budget deficit exceeded 10% of GDP (UK National Statistics, 2010). Naturally, â€Å"this is a classic Keynesian response to economic downturn - when demand in the private sector is reduced, the state must fill the gap to prevent economic collapse†

Considering the international law and practice on treaties, answer the Essay

Considering the international law and practice on treaties, answer the following question - Essay Example According to International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, migrant workers and their family members are free to depart any nation including their home nation. The aforesaid right is not subject to any restrictions otherwise in certain instances such as in the case of national security, public health and other justifiable grounds. The article 9 of the convention also affirms the right of migrant workers and their families to be protected by law and further the article 10 of the convention makes it apparent that no migrants and their families shall be subject to torture or treated inhumanly or cruelly. In addition to this, the article 11 of the convention also advocates that no migrants or their family members can be held on slavery. Moreover, the article 11 of the convention also puts restriction on performing forced and compulsory works by migrants and their family members (United Nations, 2008). Furthermore, the convention firmly states that family members of the migrant shall be treated with humanity and dignity (International Organisation for Migration, 2008). However, abiding by the obligation of article 11 of the convention, Acastus does not make it compulsory for migrant workers to work for 1000 hours for community services. In this context, it can be viewed that Acastus does not directly compel migrant workers to work 1000 hours but non-compliance shall result in non-renewal of leaves which shall ultimately force them to work 1000 hours for community service or leave Acastus. Thus, Acastus has adopted a policy that would not violate the obligations of the convention while on the other side it would make migrant workers to work for 1000 hours without violating obligations of the convention. As a consequences of the anti-immigration law enforced by Acastus, its neighbouring country Radius also adopted similar statute relating

In Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In Economic - Essay Example After losing job, consequently, people lose their sources of income. Therefore, to characterize the degree of the working population, the term "unemployment rate" - the ratio of the number of people to the value of national workforces – is used. One can distinguish three types of unemployment. Frictional unemployment is generated by a constant rate of population movement between areas, from profession to profession. Such unemployment exists even at full employment due to job changing and looking for the best work (it is often regarded as voluntary unemployment). Structural unemployment results from technological changes in the economy, long-term shifts in consumer demand or relocation of jobs from one district to another. In this case, even skilled workers remain jobless. Cyclic unemployment is caused by a generally low demand for labor in all sectors and regions; such type of unemployment is a result of slowdown in economic activity in the country. In general, such involuntar y unemployment negatively affects the morale of man; it is also harmful for the psyche. Unfortunately, this type of unemployment prevails in the United Kingdom nowadays. The country is still getting through the effects of the recent world’s crisis, which occurred in 2008 and resulted in large-scale global economy recession. Suffice it to recollect the strikes occurred against the backdrop of a sharp rise in unemployment in the UK (the strike of workers of a refinery plant in Lindsey, Lincolnshire, 2009; the strike of employees of a steel mill in Corus, Redcar). In 2009, there were nearly 2 million unemployed people in the UK (Trading Economics.com, 2009). It is believed that there is so-called natural (normal) unemployment rate, which determines the maximum possible level of employment. In the United Kingdom it is 4 % (Trading Economics.com, 2011). The downsides of unemployment in the UK are the lag of GNP, compared to the amount that the society would have at its potential, loss of income for lots of people, loss of national output, uneven distribution of the costs of unemployment among different social groups, a great many of workers lose their skills. â€Å"High unemployment has an impact on government expenditure, taxation and the level of government borrowing. An increase in unemployment results in higher benefit payments and lower tax revenues. If any person is unemployed, he or she receives benefits, consequently - pay no income tax. It is obvious that when people spend less, they contribute less to the government in indirect taxes. This rise in government spending along with the fall in tax revenues may result in a higher government borrowing requirement (so-called public sector net cash requirement)† (Davidson, 2009). Office for National Statistics UK unveiled data on unemployment in the country (February - April 2011). The unemployment rate for the three months is to remain at the level of January - March and will make 7, 8%, according to analysts (UK National Statistics, 2011). Past two years, countries around the world pursue a policy of fiscal stimulus package, unprecedented in scope - at least for a time of peace. In Greece, the USA, India, Britain and some other states budget deficit exceeded 10% of GDP (UK National Statistics, 2010). Naturally, â€Å"this is a classic Keynesian response to economic downturn - when demand in the private sector is reduced, the state must fill the gap to prevent economic collapse†

Sara Lee Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sara Lee - Coursework Example Sara Lee also employs 137,000 persons worldwide. Key initiatives regarding manufacturing and quality processes need a higher level of reliability across every bakery, whereas an apparent business objective, constancy across each field operation brings considerable challenges. Challenges: â€Å"In The Netherlands, the Shop Account Managers of Sara Lee International keep in close contact with their retail channels. Due to the competitive nature of the retail market, it is of the utmost importance that the sales force is supported with a customer relationship management solution which is agile and responds to their requirements† (Lee, 2007). Retrenchment Strategy Assessment: Subsequent to Sara Lee’s retrenchment, the business is capable to give attention to its food service, food and beverage and worldwide businesses. Sara Lee’s key aims for its remaining business are to give attention to customer requirements and operating excellence, and at the same time in generating a physically powerful brand through wide modernizations and competitive pricing. The business successfully employs its retail meats, by selling them to its foodservice clientele. Its meat business has enlarged in sales and operating revenue, while professionally it has benefited by modernizations in grocery items. These modernizations boosted sales over $100 million, even while its core products’ sales were flat. The business holds 20% market share in a rising industry of approximately $10 billion. Sara Lee is one of the most significant market leaders in North America in retail breads. Sara Lee has positioned itself in mounting divisions and stalling unconnected segm ents in its body care product and household lines. These divisions function separately from core food items of Sara Lee’s businesses. The products of Sara Lee comprise bakery, household items, and beverage body care brands etc. Majority of the sales segment of sales is made in the western part of Europe. Sara Lee has a 9%market share of coffee, making it the second highest on earth. Its sales are exceed $1.7 billion, with the introduction of the most excellent selling coffee invention in Europe. While the continent has very strong needs for specialty coffees in that area, Sara Lee altered its most excellent selling coffee pans to dish up espresso and cappuccino drinks. The bakery line for the business has not been as flourishing throughout Europe. Customers choose extremely fresh-baked bread; on the other hand, Sara Lee can only offer packaged bread. While packaged bread merely creates 12% of the bread in market situation, it is expected to enlarge to 25% by 2015. Sara Leeâ⠂¬â„¢s bread also has been flourishing in Spain, while, where it dominates the nations with a 54 % market share. Sara Lee is at present not in an attractive market situation but if increase the packaged bread it may be capable to capture a huge market share. While it offers low-calorie food and desserts to its clientele, Sara Lee has met the requirements of its clientele and captured a bigger market share. Sara Lee’s holds the number one brand name of product Kiwi, shoe polish, which accumulates a worldwide market share of around 63%. And also its shoe polish reports for approximately 16% of the unit’s sales. Although Sara Lee’s has the leading brand of shower, the market is gradually rising at 1%. This averts the business from taking benefit of potential incomes in the market. The company possess almost 28% market share in the production

Death of a Salesman Essay Example for Free

Death of a Salesman Essay Arthur Miller clearly adopted the approach of a classical Greek tragedy by asserting that Willy Loman is as appropriate as a subject for tragedy as Kings are. Miller portrays Willy as a hardworking man struggling to reach the intangible American dream by challenging Aristotelian convention and by using time as a structural motif to successfully portray the lead up to his demise. This ultimately portrays him as a modern tragic hero. The mobile concurrency repeatedly used is of a great importance to the play. They serve as a recollection of his past memories, a dream world offering to escape the harsh reality of what he is facing at the current moment in time. Leah Hadomi, in Fantasy and Reality: Dramatic Rhythm in Death of a Salesman said :When reality becomes too painful, Willy retreats into a dream world, consisting of his recollections of the past and of fantasies in which he ful? lls the aspirations, the attainment of which has eluded him in life. This statement is, to some extent, true as the dream sequence seems perfect, with a repetition of Well by Willy and Happy, when they discuss carrying bags, an ultimate perception of Willys dream world. However, even within this ordered dream world, Bernard pops the bubble in which order was maintained, as he asks Biff to study. The use of the word anaemic is interesting, as it can mean a lack of colour on the skin. Perhaps Miller is saying how Bernard doesnt fit into Willys category of normal, as normal means you have to be well liked, something that Willy maintained which ultimately lead up to his demise. We see in this mobile concurrency how Willy is trying to maintain order by dreaming yet this order subtly becomes disorder as the world doesnt exist as a floating balloon, there needs to be someone to anchor us, and in this case, it is Bernard. Disorder and order are part of Aristotelian convention: the fact that in a tragedy, disorder is after the catastrophe, yet order will try to be maintained (e. g. in Othello, Lodovico will try to maintain order in society after the death of the moor). The catastrophe here can represent the delusional present state he is living in, and the order can be maintained financially as Linda is now free. So even in his mind, there is disorder which arouses sympathy from the audience as we realise how minds are so complex. The use of place and atmosphere also brings out an Aristotelian convention. There is a cyclical quality in the play: the fact that the stage directions at the start promote an heavenly quality and towards the end there is some spiritual sense. Miller here challenges the classical tragedy approach by using long stage directions, whereas in a play like Othello, there wasnt any. The dream rising out of reality sharply contrasts with were free which Linda repeats. This reflects on the idea of the mass of the souls of the dead, and the freedom in movement. Miller clearly uses this cyclical ability as a structural time motif to reinforce the message of faith. The requiem serves to be concentrated, and allows us to make a comparison between faith as a spiritual guidance, and Willys tragedy. In classical Greek tragedy, there was some guidance in one way or the other: Othello being a Christian so he would look to god, or others having kings to look up to. However here, there is no religious grounding within the Loman home, so we understand how a lack of religion and grounding can lead to irreversible consequences. The stage directions at the start of the play also show oppressive urbanisation in the sense that the buildings are towering, angular shapes, which represent the limiting power of individualism. This backdrop against the city shows how the Loman home is insignificant. Andy Warhols paintings express the express the fragility of the American dream through his paintings, yet in this play, we see the disastrous effects of how the capitalist society leads to his demise. The fact that Miller manipulated this to allow these long stage directions be at the start portray how he wanted emphasis the corruption the capitalist society brings onto us, and this is reinforced by Howards inhumane treatment towards him: You didnt crack up again, did you? . The actual time period is also an important factor. The play was written at around the time of the 1940s, after the great boom in the 1920s had occurred, so Miller must have used the idea of the boom and how the American dream was an endless hope where one would dream of possibility and a high social status. As the Wall Street crash occurred in 1929, we see that perhaps Miller wrote this play to underline the theme that the American dream was always intangible without religion, or some grounding force, yet the Loman family didnt realise this, and this was their hamartia. One may say that because Miller himself was involved in communist activities (Arthur miller: a critical study), he had a Marxist attraction, and perhaps wants to show how Willy was completely destroyed by the capitalist society which was grappling with a much superior force (Tragedy and the Common Man). His social comment made at the start of the play that Willy was past 60years of age shows how Miller is not economically viable, as in the American post war society, he is redundant. This shows how the society is mainly utilitarian, and how people can be disposed when they are out of value. Miller enforces our knowledge on the post war American society and allows us to make our decision, on whether or not his demise was due to the grappling society, or the fact that he had the wrong dreams. Miller carefully took a risk by carefully casting aside dramatic convention by focusing on overlooked people in society. He built salesman around the accumulation of small and discomforting details and discoveries such as the rubber tubing which Biff finds (draws out a length of rubber tubing). It is only the time of when this is taking place is when these small details discomfort us a lot. For example, Biff finds the rubber tubing at night, before the end of act 1, which traumatises not only the characters, but us too. This breaks the linear narrative convention and allows us to dwell on the concept that Biff exists in the way he is, (e. g. not respecting him by saying what the hell is the matter with him). Biff had no grounding from the start as we can see in the mobile concurrency (Willy leading him along by stealing), so the next act serves as false hope to the Loman family, the hope that Biff will understand his father, in which the audience play the supporting role which Linda usually plays. It also helps the audience feel cathartic, a sign of relief, before the major catastrophe of his death occurs. Miller successfully manipulated the time in order to show a recurring death image towards the end, and to show skewed ideas on life The use of time literally slowing down the text on the page is quite significant too in act 2. Willys lines are very much fragmented, and portray the sense of Willy slowing down time. This portrays some sense of hope in the sense that the family will be normal again and the house will be argument free. The pastoral elements such as the time of the day, the coffee and the saccharine emphasis the outward appearance as some sort of synaesthesia and artifice. Perhaps it portrays how even though Willy wants to slow down time, he is more ambitious from his rest, and therefore it prepares us for his downfall later on in the play. Willys downfall is also due to the woman and Linda, and in the time the play was written, women were treated as sexual objectification, also known as the Madonna Syndrome. The repetition of the woman laughing throughout the play emphasises the fragmented state of mind Willy has and the guilt he has, associated with the woman. With Linda, we do not see any social life associated with her; all we see is that she is merely Willys supporter as she always makes excuses up for him, and the dishonesty that she knows his flaws lead to his downfall. The fact that Linda leaves Willy responsible (I cant understand it, Willy) shows incapability to guide her, and we see her character disintegrate. We therefore see, as a modern audience, how women are imprisoned, and clearly we could see that the woman was imprisoned in Willys mind (through mobile concurrency), and Linda being physically imprisoned. Miller again manipulated time to echo a social comment about women being imprisoned, so do we therefore see Linda as a tragic victim, more than Willy in society? To conclude, Miller effectively manipulates time through many ways such as mobile concurrency. Willys demise was merely his obstructions from the past which stopped him from leading on his delusional present. Miller effectively portrayed how he fell from a mediocre man to a state even lower than that on the hierarchy scale. On a personal level, the cyclical quality Miller presents in the fact that there was no religious grounding shows how nothing can be possible without faith; the cyclical quality reinforced it by using time at the start, and at the end, to see what message Miller was reinforcing.

System of cyber warfare

System of cyber warfare Introduction: Could hackers get into the main computer systems that run fundamental elements of the most worlds infrastructure informations? Today its not only possible, but all of that has actually happened before, and plus a lot more we dont even know about. Many believe that cyber war experts could be used to launch a major attack on the nations infrastructure. According to the researchers, other noticeable trends will include greater interest and awareness in continuing cyber war activities going on in the international area, and greater than before use of shade based defenses to help organizations share intelligence and stay ahead of attacks. The country of Chinas hacking and cyber combat capabilities includes that China is likely using its growing computer system operation capability to maintain intelligence gathering against the United States government and industry by conducting a extensive period, complicated computer system operation.[1] I think there are a lot of evidence that shows Chi nese government is using hacking techniques to embezzle United States government and diligence secrets. Also, many of the attacks have come from Russia. Numerous of the cyber attacks are being hosted by Russian state computer main servers. Im going to argue that the water works, electrical power, internet, cyberspace, defense, telecommunications, and transportation is highly vulnerable to cyber attack. There are possible threats to computing facility and the information contained that it is in are to determine the security measurements that should be investigated plus both external and internal threats.[2] Cyber threats can be grouped into deliberate threats, accidental threats, and natural disasters such as water and fire. It is because of natural disasters have typically been very critical and likewise expensive, there are computing main centers security budget is geared to prevent and recover from a huge devastating natural disasters.[3] One of the reason why water resource will be in great damage is because due to fire sprinklers. Thousands of firefighters can be more damaging than the fire itself. Since the main computer circuits and magnetic storage media are not even near the fire so it may be damaged too. Not only that but the other sources of water damage may come from many tropical storms such as floods. It will cause danger activities of the firefighter on higher floors, leakage in the main computers water cooling system, sewers backing, broken pipes, and many more. But on the other hand, there are other natural calamities that may occur to computing centers include sandblasting near air conditioning intakes, gas or chemicals, lightning, war, aircraft crashes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and explosions.[4] The sprinkler systems are often the second line of defense. If a sprinkler system is to be used, there should be at least a delay between the alarm and the water so that the equipment can be powered down and the fire can be put out by hand held equipment. Energy Electrical Power and Grids: Second reason why there is a greater chance on cyber attack is the electrical power. There are various sectors of critical infrastructure sectors have unique types of location, structure, and facilities. Consequently, all the information that is potentially responsive will vary by sites, by sector and among similar sites in various locations. Energy sectors such as electrical power systems are very complex networks composed of the transmission, generation, control, and support networks. In which case, they will work together to supply electricity to end users. But overall, the national electrical power grid is an enormously organized and active system. There is numerous major electrical power generation sources that are petroleum, gas, hydroelectric, nuclear, and coal.[5] They are the control networks that are information control points that regular the overall system operations. Also, they support the networks that provide resources and information that the other networks need to op erate. I think that there are possible vulnerabilities of the energy sector that may vary drastically with regard to possible contact within and outside its systems. Vulnerabilities exist in terms of both objective and cyber attacks. In general, the targets of potential highest value are those located in populated country or urban areas where attacks will generate the maximum prospective impact In addition, the energy sector facilities that contain hazardous materials, of which there are many, could also prove vulnerable target.[6] Many of these targets meeting with great criteria should be considered highly vulnerable. The Internet: Information system like the Internet are very defenseless to cyber attack, as evidenced by the quickly rising number of system intrusions. Well the focus here is on the criminal violators, including terrorists who seek to attack and destroy elements of society. A different, and potentially more severe, threat is where the attacker is a sovereign state. That class of attack, constituting what is called information warfare, is beyond the scope of the discussion here and of the Draft International Convention.[7] The Internet provides the basis for the global information infrastructure and it gradually more provides connectivity for a wide range of other infrastructures. The Internet is governed through the voluntary actions of the technical people who expand and extend its functionality. Many internet are basically running on the basis of network protocols, agreements on how information should appear in a message, how that information is to interpreted and the format of that message.[8] There are strong arguments for imposing liability on Internet Service Providers for violations of cyber security and they can track the four core intuitions outlined in the previous section.[9] Some people say that individuals who originate malicious computer code are typically far beyond the reach of conventional law. Well for one thing, they are very hard to identify. So saboteurs use the Internets topology to conceal their tracks by routing messages through a convoluted path that is difficult for authorities to uncover. Moreover, by the time a computer virus or a worm is detected, the trail often is cold or loss. Even if the attackers were caught, the individuals who create malicious computer code rarely have to sufficient assets to pay for the losses they impose.[10] Moreover, careless firms and users would typically not be that hard to track down. I think the only sense in which these bad attackers are beyond the reach of law is the practical concern about the costs of identifying and suing them as compared to the fraction of the damages for which they might be held legally responsible. Cyber Space: One thing is that the rise of cyberspace has greatly facilitated all kinds of activity including governmental interaction, commercial, and social. There is no doubt that cyberspace today constitutes expensive real estate indeed. They have also running scared control of many real world processes through cyberspace. Because of this increased value, the security of cyberspace has grown in importance. The rise of terrorism as one of the type of symmetric and distributed ware, has threaten not only the gains derived from cyberspace but the activities that now come to depend on communication through cyberspace infrastructure.[11] There are obvious problems in making detailed recommendations about the United States government role in critical infrastructure protection in general, and in dealing with the powerful threats posed by cyber warfare and cyber terrorism in particular. Also it is very clear that the U.S. has made substantial progress in defining policies and strategies for dealing with the new threats to its critical infrastructure. At the same time, there is a disturbing gap between the military focus on asymmetric ware fare and civil focus on cyber crime and cyber terrorism. Well for me, the only way for a success is ultimately be for the U.S. government to focus on only those threats that truly being threaten the nation.[12] Cyber war is a case in point, as is high level cyber terrorism. So they are efforts to create effective international cooperation in limiting all forms of cyber attacks. United States Defense Infrastructure: Another reason why is the disconnecting between cyber defense and cyber offense. There is also a clear disconnect between the efforts in the United States to plan offensive cyber warfare and efforts at cyber defense. Many defenders also assert that technology in favors the attackers, prevents attribution, and makes counteroffensive difficult or impossible.[13] I believe that the United States military and defense officials involved in information warfare and planning and executing cyber war have divided views. I feel that those people who directly involved in cyber offense generally seem to feel that carrying out a successful major cyber attack is far more difficult than those outside the national security arena recognize. This disconnect between defense and offense illustrates a basic problem underlying both any unclassified analysis of cyber threats and their impact on homeland defense.[14] In the book Mapping the Risk: Assessing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information, Anthony quoted: For potential attackers, such as terrorist groups, seeking to cause casualties or economic disruption, the United States is a target-rich-environment. Many critical sites are relatively vulnerable to various types of attacks involving conventional explosives, weapons of mass destruction, or unconventional means of attack, such as aircraft crashes.[15] To improve the protection of the most critical facilities and location within the U.S. Homeland, the federal government is pursuing a comprehensive national approach to their physical and cyber protection in partnership with state and local governments and the private sector. Telecommunication: In Hong Kong, computer crimes are as a rule, governed under the Telecommunications Ordinance. Under Hong Kong law, offenses against e-mail, damage and destruction, computer fraud, and theft of electronic data are all criminal offenses.[16] Abraham argue that in the Peoples Republic of China, all computer related crimes are covered by Articles 258-287 of the Criminal Code.[17] He also mention that if they illegally interfering in the operation of a computer system, they will be punish by a minimum sentence of five years in prison. The legislatures of Western and Central European countries have been active in promulgating laws prohibiting unauthorized access, computer sabotage, computer espionage data manipulation, and computer fraud.[18] This shows that one area in which the national laws of European countries are significantly in agreement is that of computer sabotage, which encompasses purposeful damage to the integrity of computers, computer afforded to computer stored data among the criminal laws of European states. Throughout this paper we have seen or believed that the United States is vulnerable to various types of information cyber warfare attacks. Many threats that are range from nuisance attacks by hackers to those potentially putting national security at risk. Critical command and control and intelligence systems are designed to be robust and secure under attack. We see that our cyber security is a leading national problem for which the market may fail to produce a solution. Much has been said about the threat posed by worldwide cyber crime, but little has been down to protect against it. All they need to do is to meet challenge immediate and compelling necessity. Bibliography Anderson, H. Robert. Feldman, M Phillip. Gerwehr, SCott. Houghton, Brian. Mesic, Richard. John, D. Pinder. Jeff, Rothenberg. Chiesa, James. Securing the U.S. Defense Information Infrastructure: A Proposed Approach. National Defense Research Institue. Washington D.C. 1999. Baker, C. John. Lachman, E. Beth. Frelinger, R. David. OConnell, M. Kevin. Hou, C. Alexander. Tseng, S. Michael. Orletsky, David. Yost, Charles. Mapping the Risks: Assissing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information. RAND Corporation. 2004. Cordesman, H. Anthony. Cordesman, G. Justin. Cyber-Threats, Information Warfare, and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Defending the U.S. Homeland. Praeger. Connecticut. 2002. Grady, F. Mark. Parisi, Francesco. The Law and Economics of Cyber Security. Cambridge University Press. New York. 2006. McMillian, Robert. IDG News Service. PCWorld. October 27, 2009. March 15, 2010. http://www.pcworld.com/article/174210/report_says_china_ready_for_cyberwar_espionage.html. Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001. Walker, J. Bruce. Blake, F. Ian. Computer Security and Protection Structures. Dowden Hutchinson Ross, Inc. Pennsylvania. 1977. McMillian, Robert. IDG News Service. PCWorld. October 27, 2009. March 15, 2010. http://www.pcworld.com/article/174210/report_says_china_ready_for_cyberwar_espionage.html. Walker, J. Bruce. Blake, F. Ian. Computer Security and Protection Structures. Dowden Hutchinson Ross, Inc. Pennsylvania. 1977.p.1. Walker. Ibid., p. 1. Walker. Ibid., p. 2. Baker, C. John. Lachman, E. Beth. Frelinger, R. David. OConnell, M. Kevin. Hou, C. Alexander. Tseng, S. Michael. Orletsky, David. Yost, Charles. Mapping the Risks: Assissing the Homeland Security Implications of Publicly Available Geospatial Information. RAND Corporation. 2004., p.184. Baker, Ibid., p. 185 . Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001., p.126. Sofaer. Ibid., p. 127 Grady, F. Mark. Parisi, Francesco. The Law and Economics of Cyber Security. Cambridge University Press. New York. 2006. p.232. Grady. Ibid., p.234. Grady. Ibid., p.259. Cordesman, H. Anthony. Cordesman, G. Justin. Cyber-Threats, Information Warfare, and Critical Infrastructure Protection: Defending the U.S. Homeland. Praeger. Connecticut. 2002. p.179. Cordesman. Ibid., p.3. Cordesman. Ibid., p.3. Cordesman. Ibid., p.180. Sofaer, D. Abraham. Goodman, E. Seymour. The Transnational Dimension of Cyber Crime and Terrorism. Hoover Institution Press Publication. California. 2001. p.44. Cordesman. Ibid., p.44. Cordesman. Ibid., p.45.

Robert Brownings Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came Essay -- Childe

Robert Browning's Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came   Robert Browning's "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" is a poem about torture. Whether Roland is actually in Hell or just trapped in the madness of his mind, his own failure and the way in which he wasted his life will continue to torment him for all eternity. The imagery throughout the poem displays a completely despairing attitude, and several bitter ironies which he cannot escape plague him during his quest. The title "Childe" implies an untested knight, but Roland is already jaded at the beginning of the poem. Reliving his failure, Roland has no reason to have any positive thoughts. Everything he sees is negative and ugly. The grass "[grows] as scant as hair in leprosy," and the oak tree is "gaping at death." The way in which he views Nature is almost Puritanical. It speaks to him peevishly, saying that it is waiting for Judgment Day. To him, the land is sparse and dead because it is being punished, just as he is. Even the river seems to have a life of its own when he describes it. First he ascertains that the...

A proposal for a training program for international peace-keeping organizations Essay

The peace keeping program explores the training needs and practices of four distinct groups involved in peace operations- US government agencies, the military, international civilian police, and non governmental organizations- that are expected to respond, separately or collaborate, to emergencies in affected areas around the world (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). The United States government has been said to have little ability today to respond rapidly to an international humanitarian emergency with a well-trained disaster response team. The delivery of adequate training to U. S. government personnel for the management of complex emergencies has been hampered by three distinct shortcomings; inadequate training content, inadequate training coverage, and the absence of a single command center with responsibility for improving training in complex emergency management (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). There is a stark contrast between the capabilities of the military and civilian communities at the beginnings of operations. The military in general has abundant resources and a clear mission under unified control. However this has not been the case with the civilian sector in peace operations, which is beset with multiple and conflicting agendas and generally enters the post intervention period lacking adequate resources, builds slowly, and spends an inordinate amount of time coordinating its own efforts rather than addressing the needs of the society in which it has intervened (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9-10). The militaries role should be to lead from behind acknowledging the primacy of the primacy of the civilian goals and coordinating its support so that it becomes a continuation of the civilian effort by other means. (Bailey, 1982). The civilian success will be based on adapting the international standards to the new political environment and gaining public acceptance instead of re-establishing failed systems. The development of all fronts is necessary like infrastructural, economic, human and the leadership (Bankus 2002, p. 4) A system should be put in place to generate leaders who can articulate, evaluate, and solve problems. There must be a public debate on how the international community prepares its post intervention efforts. There should also be a core training curriculum for all actors involved in the humanitarian-relief and peace operations that are based on common, holistic visions. Such a curriculum would be built around enhanced human relations, interpersonal skills, communi cation, and management (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). Beyond this core training requirement, the individual agencies and organizations must recruit and train their staff to be experts in their areas of operations. At present, however there is no centralized training facility or a common curriculum that prepares civilians for the challenges they face in responding to international emergencies (Schoenhaus, 2002 p 9). Although both the US. Government agency and NGO communities recognize that there is need for common and more efficient training, the lack of commitment in terms of organizational culture, as well as the lack of time and resources, limits their efforts. The U. S. Government as suggested should take the lead in developing core training requirements and assign responsibilities to various agencies and other participants that could be trained at a common -use facility devoted to international training and response to complex emergencies. Doing this however requires significant resources, as well as a consensus among the agencies and the governments that support them (Felfer, 2002). The Military Training the Military for Peace Operations: A Past, Present and Future View. It has always been a practice on the global front to use the military forces in performing military related operations apart from war. (Goodbye, 1992)Granted the main responsibility of the military is to be prepared for any threat of war. In many countries, attempts have not been made by many governments train the military forces in other areas which are not related to main mission. (Bedrail, 1993). This has led to a realization among many states that there is need to train the military in other areas different from war because it is increasingly becoming important to do so (Zartman & Rasmussen, 1997). In the pat training the military for matters of peace has been not been structured and were largely based on the experiences which were inherited from the predecessors in which case the military acquired skills which were unique to some specific operational area (Miltenberger & Weiss, 2000). In coming up with a training program for the military destined for peacekeeping missions, it will be important to consider several factors like doctrine leadership as well as equipment. At the same time it is necessary to factor in the element of force mix besides other factors like training as well as the quality of the human capital. It is important to note that all these factors will be of utmost importance though the doctrine will provide the basic principles upon which the military will support the objectives of the nation. This implies therefore that there will be a positive correlation between tough but realistic military training and their victory on any war mission. This actually is the basis of the training philosophy of the U. S military (Berger & Rice, 2001). It will therefore be important that in pursuit of the above philosophy, the military training program be guided by the following fundamental factors. First it will be important that the military be trained as a combined team. The rationale behind this is that it will lead to the achievement of the proficiency of not only the leaders and individuals but also the specific military units. It will equally be important to structure the training as to replicate a real fighting situation besides employing the most appropriate doctrines and rules obtained from documents like the training plan for mission activities (Schoenhaus, 2001). It will also be important that the designed military training program incorporates a practical approach. This implies that the training program will need to be performance related. At the same time, it will be necessary to anticipate and train for challenging scenarios besides training in such a way as to ensure that the proficiency of the military is not eroded in any way. The implication for this is that there will be need to ensure that the trained military personnel do not lose the skills they will have acquired. It will equally be important to consider the various rank-techniques comprise several levels of the structures of command. Last it will be important to take good care of the training equipment as well as employing the senior and experienced military commanders to facilitate the training programs (Smock, 1999). It is important note here that just like in any training program, time will play a crucial role in influencing the military training program. It therefore implies that both the training time as well as other resources will be limited thereby necessitating the need to structure the training program in a way that only the very important mission tasks are accomplished. This would mean that all the essential activities are first selected before conditions and benchmarks for each of the identified activities can be set under the guidance of the commander. The expectation will be that all the military units will be capable of accomplishing the tasks in relation to the performance benchmarks. The end result of the above structure will be the development of a training strategy which will determine the required standard of proficiency (Smock, 1999). The military do have the opinion that issues of peace building are not central to its main objective of war. However it is interesting to note that there is a considerable agreement that properly trained military also make the best agents of peace given the fact that they are usually disciplined. Depending on the level of technical knowledge of a military officer ( Huggland, 1992). destined for a peace keeping mission, it is important to offer additional training like on the areas of negotiations, check areas, skills for stopping civil arrests as well as risk managements (Sisk, 1999). Additional training would equally be needed for instance in cases where there is need to familiarize oneself with the affected region as well as for operations that are multinational in nature. (Mackinlay and Chopra, 1992). It will equally be necessary for the military officers to understand the engagement rules pertaining to the various settings besides the need to have skills for managing a case of confiscated materials. All these factors will be necessary owing to the fact that a peace keeping environment would not be the same as an environment of war as the former will require a great deal of sensitivity in the conduct of the operations (Simmons, 1999). It is thus important to acknowledge the fact that it would be adequate to conduct some training for the military before deploying them to the affected areas. However this alone would not suffice thus calling for the need for additional peacetime training in matters concerning peace. (Rifkind, 1993). The realization was that it was still a challenge for the military to manage political as well as civilian aspects of the military Thus, there is needed a benchmark of generic activities as well as standards to act as a guide to all the military units in matters relating to peace operations trainings(Berger & Rice, 2001).

Maroubra and Kogarah Essay

Maroubra and Kogarah are beautiful suburbs of Australia. Neither provinces are national capital nor commercial centres. However, each has prominent features. This report will compare and contrast the location, population, housing, sevices of these two provinces. Maroubra is a beach suburb nearby Sydney which is located 10 kilometers south-east of the central business dictrict while the residential suburb-Kogarah is slightly farther than Maroubra, about 14 kilometers. The population of these suburbs are extremely different, Maroubra has twice as much population as Kogarah. The population of Maroubra is 26.500 while Kogarah is 10.900. The propoution of the largest age group from 20 to 39 years old in Maroubra is 33 percent whereas this age group in Kogarah has only 31 percent. In the review, 53 percent of people in Maroubra were born in Autralia while in Kogarah were 47 percent. In Maroubra,47 percent of people come from many countries in the world. However, Kogarah has 53 percent of people from a lot of different countries. Housing in the two suburbs have both similarities and differences. Maroubra and Kogarah have over 42 percent of apartment. The median either house price or apartment price in Maroubra in higher than in Kogarah. The cost of a house in Maroubra is about 1.050,000 dollas while a house in Kogarah is about 650.000 dollas. An apartment’s price in Maroubra is about 575.000 dollas but one in Kogarah is just about 420.000 dollas. So there are 46 percent of apartment in Kogarah while this percent in Maroubra is only 42. There are a lot of discrepancies about services of both suburbs. In Maroubra, the number people driving to work account for about 55 percent whereas there are only about 45 percent. Basically, trains are widely used in Kogarah, it takes about 25 minutes to go to city. People in Maroubra do not travel by train. Instead, they go to the city by bus in about 50 minutes. Next point à ­ about retail. Sightseers in Maroubra can enjoy shopping having coffee or food meal in some medium-sized shopping center,small shop and cafes on major road. But in Kogarah, most small shopping center, small shops is near train station. Beside, the major hospital of Maroubra is about 3 kilometers away from the center. Whereas the major hospital of Maroubra stay at the center. But both have many private clinics.

American Immigrants and Literacy Essay

Language is very important in the society because it enables people to communicate with each other and for them to participate meaningfully in the affairs of the society. For first generation immigrants to the United States, however, the problem of literacy and language becomes more pronounced. These people migrate to the United States for a variety of reasons. It could be because of economic need. Or it may be because the country they came from is in political trouble and there are outright hostilities and war. In this regard, the education needs of these immigrants may not be congruent with what is in the United States. Since these immigrants entered the US as adults, the challenge to become literate and become expert in the English language is greater than for children. What usually happens is that the parents work incessantly to provide for the family while the children go to school and literate and adjusted to the culture of the US. For adults, however, this is a challenge. This issue could be addressed using a two-step strategy. The first would be the establishment of non-formal English as second language classes that are based in the communities and would be facilitated by the literate members of the society. This way, there would be greater acceptance and they would be more receptive to a member of their community . Alongside the non-formal teaching of English as second-language, there should be a functional literacy program. These adult immigrants would be taught specific matters and subjects that they need for their daily lives. They might not need to study calculus and advance literature, but what they need is a working knowledge of the society they are in and how they can make their lives more meaningful in this society.